“Chac Mool” is a tale written by Carlos Fuentes in Mexico in 1954, and is part of the literary movement known as “El Boom Latinamericano”, which is known for works that blur the line between the real and the imaginary.
📖 Summary of "Chac Mool"
This story tells the tale of Filiberto through the eyes of his friend, who is tasked with going through Filiberto's possessions since our protagonist is dead. Filiberto's friend pieces together the events that led up to his death by reading through his journal. Filiberto is a lonely man with no family or close friends, but he does collect indigenous objects as a hobby. One day, Filiberto's friend Pepe tells him where he can find a statue of Chac Mool, the Mayan god of rain, and assures him that the statue is legit. Filiberto buys the statue and puts it in the basement of his house, but then immediately starts having problems with the water in his house.
Chacmool; Image Courtesy of Wikipedia
A few days later, the statue starts acting like a human and annoys Filiberto as it gains more human traits. Filiberto's diary starts looking very strange at this point in time, showing the decline in his mental state as the Chac Mool starts to exert more and more power over him. The statue starts ordering Filiberto around and threatens his life if he doesn't follow them. The last line in Filiberto's diary, as read by his friend, says that Filiberto wants to escape.
His journal gets progressively harder to understand through this portion as he claims the statue comes to life and torments him, leading to the odd behavior his friend had been curious about.
The narrator (Filiberto's friend) thinks that Filiberto is crazy, but when he arrives at Filiberto's house, the person who opens the door matches Chac Mool's description.
🤔 Context Behind "Chac Mool"
👨 Author Background
Carlos Fuentes is a novelist, short story writer, researcher, and essayist. He was educated internationally as a child, accompanying his father, a Mexican diplomat, to many places, and became very interested in cultures as a result. In "Chac Mool", Fuentes deals with two of his most lasting interests: fantasy and myths. 🔮
🎆 Literary Movement
During El Boom Latinamericano, there were many political, economic, and social events in Latin America that created a sense of instability in the region. Realismo magico emerged as a way for writers to cope with the sad reality around them by imagining an ideal world through their story, full of fantastical and unreal things.
This story is a key example of the use of realismo magico during El Boom Latinamericano—it blurs the line between real and imaginary and plays with the organization of time within the story through its use of circular storytelling.
🔍 Need to Know About "Chac Mool"
👪 Characters in "Chat Mool"
There are 3 main characters (personajes) in this story—Filiberto (our protagonist), Chac Mool (the antagonist), and Filiberto’s friend (our narrator).
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- 🪦 Filiberto: Our protagonist, who is dead, was a lonely 40-year-old man. He thinks that no one cares about him, and his main interest is in indigenous status and art, and collecting trinkets. He is stable at the beginning of the story when he first purchases the Chac Mool, but over time he starts to go insane as the statue starts to possess him. This is evident as his diary gets harder and harder to read for his friend, signaling Filiberto’s declining mental state.
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- 🗿 Chac Mool: Chac Mool is a representation of the Mayan god of rain, who Filiberto acquires a statue of. He seemed like a regular statue to Filiberto when he first purchased him, but over time began to behave like a human. He started to order Filiberto around, and began to take over Filiberto in order to live in a human body.
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- 🕵️ Filiberto’s Friend: Filiberto’s friend is the one tasked with going through Filiberto’s belongings after his death. While he originally believes that Filiberto dies of natural causes, he begins to think otherwise after coming across Filiberto’s diary and reading about the events that took place near the end of his life. After reading through it, he originally just thinks Filiberto was crazy, but then he goes to Filiberto’s house and encounters a man who looks just like the Chac Mool described in Filiberto’s journal.
🗣️ El Narrador: The story is narrated through Filiberto’s friend, who is tasked with collecting Filiberto’s body and possessions after his death. The story switches from the present to the past as this friend reads through Filiberto’s journal as he attempts to understand what happened. This method of storytelling also makes Filiberto’s story a narrativa epistolar.
🎭 Tono - Dramatico: A dramatic and suspenseful tone is used throughout the story, as the Chac Mool transforms into something unrecognizable and Filiberto is helpless to stop it.
📚 Literary Devices in "Chac Mool"
Some literary devices you should be familiar with are:
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- Realismo magico: This is a genre in which elements of fantasy or myth are blended with everyday reality, creating a surreal or dream-like atmosphere. In "Chac Mool," the statue of the god coming to life and speaking to the protagonist is an example of magic realism.
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- Stream of consciousness: This technique is used to show the protagonist's inner thoughts and feelings as he experiences the events of the story. This allows the reader to understand the protagonist's psychological state and his connection to his cultural heritage.
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- Symbolism: The statue of Chac Mool serves as a symbol for Mexican cultural heritage, and the idea that this heritage is still alive and relevant to contemporary society.
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- Irony: The irony in the story is that the protagonist, who has been searching for meaning and purpose in his life, finds it through his encounter with the statue of Chac Mool, which is a symbol of the ancient culture that he has been trying to reconnect with.
These techniques are used to create a rich and evocative exploration of Mexican identity, cultural heritage, and the search for meaning.
🔗 Themes in "Chac Mool"
📈 La Trayectoria y La Transformación
The general theme of transformation is visible as the story progresses: Over the course of time, Filiberto declines mentally as Chac Mool starts to exhibit more human traits and exerts power over Filiberto.
However, it is most evident in Chac Mool’s physical attributes and personality. In the beginning, he exhibited more animistic traits—he would make loud noises at night, show physical anger, and hunt for animals. As he slowly took over Filiberto, he began to exhibit more human traits. He insisted on having his food delivered, rather than hunting for it, and he began to care more about appearance and went through mood swings. In this manner, the spirit of Chac Mool slowly took over Filiberto’s body by the end of the story.
Similarly, Chac Mool is originally described as a stone statue, with red sauce smeared over the belly. However, as the story continues, his physical appearance begins to change, becoming more and more human-like. He loses the stone exterior, and begins to develop the yellow skin of a native and wrinkles on his face. At the very end of the story, when Filiberto’s friend visits Filiberto’s house, the door to the house is opened by a man described as: “A yellow Indian… in a house robe, with a scarf. His appearance couldn’t have been more repulsive; he gave forth an odor of cheap lotion; his face, powdered, trying to cover the wrinkles; he had his lips smeared with badly-applied lipstick, and his hair gave the impression of being dyed“. This description eerily matched that of the original Chac Mool statue, which Filiberto had written about in his diary before his passing.
🇲🇽 La Identidad y Cultura
Many of Carlos Fuentes’ works had underlying themes of Mexican heritage and culture, and this one is no different: The story explores Filiberto’s connection to his country's past, and the influence of indigenous cultures on contemporary Mexican society.
There are many motifs throughout the story that evoke Mexican culture of the past, such as the idea of the ancient gods coming back to life and the relationship between the present and the past. The statue of Chac Mool also serves as a metaphor for Mexico's cultural heritage, and the idea that this heritage is still alive and relevant to contemporary society.
**This story blurs the lines between the real and imaginary by telling the tale of a statue come to life through the eyes of a possessed Filiberto. It is part of a larger group of stories written during El Boom Latinamericano, that are products of the instability present in Latin America at the time. The story also had a significant impact on the magic realist genre, as it was one of the first works to use elements of magic realism to explore themes of cultural identity and heritage. **
Frequently Asked Questions
What does Chac Mool symbolize in Carlos Fuentes' story?
Chac Mool simboliza varias cosas a la vez: la persistencia del pasado mesoamericano y su poder frente a la cultura europea moderna, la pérdida de identidad de Filiberto y la inversión de las relaciones de poder. La estatua, que pasa de objeto decorativo a ser animado (realismo mágico), encarna el culto prehispánico que reclama espacio y tiempo circular frente al tiempo lineal y racional de la modernidad. Ese desdoblamiento (Filiberto/Chac Mool) y la ambigüedad narrativa muestran cómo la historia reprimida vuelve y transforma la vida cotidiana, desplazando al dueño y subordinando la hegemonía cultural. Para el examen, enfócate en cómo Fuentes usa personificación, prefiguración y el narrador epistolar para mostrar esa transformación —e incorpora citas específicas al responder en la sección de ensayo (Free-Response). Más recursos: el estudio guía de Fiveable sobre “Chac Mool” (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7/chac-mool-carlos-fuentes/study-guide/3nY7msR6XwShYcq0UXnO), la visión general de la unidad (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7) y 1,000+ prácticas en (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture).
I don't understand the magical realism in Chac Mool - can someone explain it?
In "Chac Mool," Fuentes uses realismo mágico by blending the ordinary (Filiberto’s bureaucratic life, rain, bureaucracy of the Instituto Nacional de Antropología) with the impossible (a statue—Chac Mool—comes to life, writes, eats, and forces role reversals). That mixture creates ambigüedad: you never know whether events are literal or psychological (desdoblamiento/pérdida de identidad). The epistolary narrator (his friend’s diary and letters) and flashbacks make time feel circular—past Mesoamerican power returns to unsettle modern, linear progress—so the statue becomes a símbolo of cultural memory and hegemonía cultural invertida. Prefiguración (small odd details early on) builds suspense until the transformation is complete. For the AP exam, focus on realismo mágico as a technique and analyze its function (theme, tiempo, poder, identidad) with textual evidence. Review the topic study guide here (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7/chac-mool-carlos-fuentes/study-guide/3nY7msR6XwShYcq0UXnO) and practice questions (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture).
What's the difference between tiempo lineal and tiempo circular in this story?
Tiempo lineal vs. tiempo circular in "Chac Mool": Tiempo lineal (linear time) is the narrator’s everyday chronology: Filiberto’s past life as a bureaucrat, his purchase of the Chac Mool, the gradual decay of his apartment, and the diary entries that move forward toward his loss of control. It’s cause→effect, progressive, and fits the epistolary framework. Tiempo circular (circular time) shows up through myth, ritual, and the statue’s return to Mesoamerican power: the Chac Mool’s mythic temporality blurs past and present, repeating ancient cultic patterns and bringing Filiberto back into a pre-Hispanic cycle. That creates ambiguity and realismo mágico—history and myth fold into each other, producing desdoblamiento and loss of identity. On the AP exam, point out how Fuentes uses these two temporal modes to develop theme (el tiempo y el espacio, la transformación) and cite moments from the diary. For a quick review, check the topic study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7/chac-mool-carlos-fuentes/study-guide/3nY7msR6XwShYcq0UXnO) and practice questions (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture).
How do I analyze the power relationships between Filibert and Chac Mool for my essay?
Focus on how power shifts from Filiberto to Chac Mool and what literary devices show that change. Start with a clear thesis: Filiberto initially has physical and legal control (buys, stores, writes about the statue), but through personification, realismo mágico, and desdoblamiento the statue gains agency and Filiberto loses identity and authority. Use concrete evidence: Filiberto’s attempts to domesticate Chac Mool (bath, office, diary entries) contrast with later scenes where the statue speaks, writes in Filiberto’s voice, or forces him into servitude—showing role reversal. Connect this to cultural context: the statue’s ascendancy reads as a critique of hegemonic cultural power and a return of pre-Hispanic presence (mesoamerican cult). On the exam, quote brief passages, ID devices (personificación, narrador epistolar, tiempo circular), and explain how each develops the theme of power. For a quick review, see the topic study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7/chac-mool-carlos-fuentes/study-guide/3nY7msR6XwShYcq0UXnO) and practice questions (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture).
What are some good transition words in Spanish I can use when writing about transformación?
Para escribir sobre transformación en "Chac Mool" usa transiciones que indiquen cambio, causa/efecto, contraste y tiempo (importante por el tiempo lineal/circular). Ejemplos útiles: - Para introducir cambio: inicialmente, al principio, en un principio - Para describir el proceso: poco a poco, gradualmente, progresivamente, con el tiempo - Para causa/efecto: debido a, a causa de, por eso, por lo tanto, como resultado, en consecuencia - Para contraste/ambigüedad: sin embargo, no obstante, aunque, a pesar de, por el contrario - Para simbolismo/interpretación: simbólicamente, en términos de, es decir, esto refleja que - Para concluir o mostrar transformación final: finalmente, al fin, en última instancia, así se evidencia Usa estas frases para conectar evidencia textual (diario íntimo, desdoblamiento, pérdida de identidad) y explicar cómo se desarrolla la transformación —clave en la respuesta de la FRQ 3/4. Revisa el estudio guía de Topic 7.4 para ejemplos y vocabulario (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7/chac-mool-carlos-fuentes/study-guide/3nY7msR6XwShYcq0UXnO) y practica con preguntas de la unidad (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7) o los ejercicios prácticos (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture).
When does the desdoblamiento happen in the story and what does it mean?
El desdoblamiento ocurre gradualmente después de que Filiberto compra y trae a casa la estatua de Chac Mool: empieza con cambios sutiles en su diario y comportamiento y se acelera tras la inundación y las largas ausencias de Filiberto. En términos prácticos, el desdoblamiento es la división/duplicación de la identidad: la voz narrativa (el diario de Filiberto) muestra cómo su personalidad, poder y rol se fragmentan y son usurpados por la estatua—un proceso típico del realismo mágico que mezcla lo fantástico con lo cotidiano. El CED pide que reconozcas esto como pérdida de identidad y transformación (trayectoria simbólica) y que expliques cómo el recurso—desdoblamiento—produce ambigüedad y tensión en el relato epistolar. Para practicar identificar y usar evidencia en respuestas tipo AP, revisa el estudio guide de Fiveable (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7/chac-mool-carlos-fuentes/study-guide/3nY7msR6XwShYcq0UXnO) y más recursos del Unit 7 (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7).
I'm confused about the flashback structure - how do I identify them in Spanish literature?
Think of a flashback (flashback) as a deliberate break in the story’s present to show something that already happened. In "Chac Mool" you can spot them by looking for: 1) marcadores temporales claros—fechas, “antes,” “hace,” “cuando…,” 2) cambios de tiempo verbal (pretérito vs. presente/pretérito perfecto), 3) cambios de formato o voz—por ejemplo, el diario de Filiberto vs. la narrativa en tercera persona, y 4) párrafos que explican causas o recuerdos que alteran la acción presente. En el examen AP, identifica no sólo dónde ocurre el flashback sino su función: ¿prefigura la transformación de Filiberto? ¿refuerza el tema del tiempo circular o la pérdida de identidad? Señala evidencia textual y explica cómo el recurso crea ambigüedad o desdoblamiento (CED keywords). Revisa el análisis del cuento en este study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7/chac-mool-carlos-fuentes/study-guide/3nY7msR6XwShYcq0UXnO) y practica con preguntas en (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture).
What's the cultural significance of Chac Mool in Mexican mythology?
In Mesoamerican culture, a Chac Mool is a reclining stone figure often linked to rain/war deities and used as an altar for offerings—so it symbolizes prehispanic ritual power and a direct link to ancestral religion. In Fuentes’ “Chac Mool,” that cultural weight becomes a literary symbol: the statue’s animate presence brings the prehispanic past into conflict with modern Mexico, exposing loss of identity, hegemonía cultural, and the instability of linear time (realismo mágico + tiempo circular). The Chac Mool represents both threatened indigenous heritage and an uncanny authority that reverses power relations with Filiberto, prefiguring his desdoblamiento and transformation. For the AP exam, use this statue as cultural-context evidence (Skill Category 2) to explain how Fuentes links myth, ritual, and national memory. For a focused study guide, see Fiveable’s Topic 7.4 page (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7/chac-mool-carlos-fuentes/study-guide/3nY7msR6XwShYcq0UXnO); more unit review and practice questions are at the unit page (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7) and practice hub (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture).
How do I compare the ambigüedad in this story with "La noche boca arriba"?
Ambigüedad en ambos cuentos funciona para desestabilizar la realidad, pero con enfoques distintos. En Chac Mool Fuentes usa realismo mágico, el diario epistolar y el desdoblamiento de Filiberto para crear ambigüedad progresiva: ¿la estatua cobra vida o Filiberto pierde la identidad? La atmósfera, la prefiguración y el tiempo circular ponen en duda causa y efecto y muestran hegemonía cultural (culto prehispánico vs. modernidad). En La noche boca arriba Cortázar invierte expectativas: alternancia de planos temporales (tiempo lineal vs. circular) y el final ambiguo oscurece cuál mundo es “real” —el accidente moderno o la realidad ritual del moteca—, usando suspense y desdoblamiento psicológico. Para el AP, compara cómo cada autor usa figuras (símbolo, personificación, tiempo) para desarrollar ambigüedad y apoyo textual concreto —útil para la Pregunta 4 (ensayo comparativo). Revisa el estudio guiado de Chac Mool (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7/chac-mool-carlos-fuentes/study-guide/3nY7msR6XwShYcq0UXnO) y practica con recursos del Unit 7 (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7) y preguntas (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture).
What are some examples of personificación in the Chac Mool story?
Algunos ejemplos claros de personificación en "Chac Mool": - La estatua de Chac Mool realiza acciones humanas: se levanta, fuma, bebe cerveza, escribe y usa la bañera; el narrador la describe como si tuviera vida propia. - El diario de Filiberto registra cambios físicos de la estatua (suda, come), lo que atribuye funciones humanas a un objeto inanimado. - El ambiente y la ciudad aparentemente "responden" a la presencia del Chac Mool: el calor, los olores y el clima parecen cobrar intención, intensificando la atmósfera de realismo mágico. Función: la personificación refuerza el desdoblamiento y la pérdida de identidad (Filiberto/Chac Mool), crea ambigüedad y simboliza la tensión entre la cultura europea y la mesoamericana —todo temas del CED para este texto. Para practicar identificar recursos y explicar su efecto en preguntas del examen, revisa el estudio guía de Fiveable (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7/chac-mool-carlos-fuentes/study-guide/3nY7msR6XwShYcq0UXnO) y haz prácticas en (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture).
I missed class - what's the main conflict between ancient and modern in this story?
The main conflict is cultural and temporal: modernity (rational, bureaucratic, Europeanized Mexico embodied by Filiberto and his lifestyle) clashes with the ancient, sacred world of Mesoamerica (the Chac Mool statue and its prehispanic cult). Filiberto’s attempt to “domesticate” the past—turning the statue into an objet d’art and putting it in his modern apartment—backsfires. Through realismo mágico, the statue gains life, reversing roles: the modern man loses identity and control while the ancient force asserts cyclical time and ritual power. Fuentes uses desdoblamiento, diario íntimo/narrador epistolar, personificación, and ambigüedad to show this transformation and the shifting power relations. For AP exam responses, focus on how theme develops (time lineal vs. circular, pérdida de identidad) and cite devices and key moments. Review the Fiveable study guide for targeted examples (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7/chac-mool-carlos-fuentes/study-guide/3nY7msR6XwShYcq0UXnO) and practice questions (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture).
How do I write about atmósfera and suspenso in my AP literature essay?
Talk about atmósfera and suspenso by defining each, naming techniques Fuentes uses, and linking them to evidence and a clear thesis. For atmósfera: say how Fuentes builds an eerie, uncanny mood through the epistolary diary voice, sensory details (decay, humidity, the statue’s presence), ambiguity and realismo mágico (the gradual normalizing of the impossible). For suspenso: explain pacing—short diary entries, delayed explanations, flashbacks and prefiguración (hints that the Chac Mool is more than a statue), and the unreliable narrator/desdoblamiento as Filiberto loses identity. Always tie each device to its effect on theme (loss of control, tiempo circular). In your AP essay state a thesis, cite specific moments (diary structure, Filiberto’s transformation), explain how the device creates atmósfera or suspenso, and connect to cultural/contextual ideas. For topic help and examples, check the Chac Mool study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7/chac-mool-carlos-fuentes/study-guide/3nY7msR6XwShYcq0UXnO) and practice questions (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture).
What vocabulary should I use when discussing realismo mágico in Spanish?
Use precise, AP-level Spanish terms + short phrases that show you know technique, theme, and voice. Key nouns/adjectives: realismo mágico, lo maravilloso, lo fantástico, ambigüedad, desdoblamiento, atmósfera, símbolo, prefiguración, personificación, tempo circular/lineal (tiempo circular, tiempo lineal), transformación simbólica, pérdida de identidad, narrador epistolar. Verb/phrases to analyze function: sugiere, representa, simboliza, contrasta con, subraya, difumina la frontera entre realidad y fantasía, genera ambigüedad temporal, reinterpreta el pasado prehispánico. Useful sentence starters: “El autor crea una atmósfera en la que…”, “La estatua de Chac Mool simboliza…”, “Hay un desdoblamiento entre…”, “El tiempo se presenta de forma circular, lo que…”. Use these terms in Free-Response essays to meet Skill Categories 1 and 6 (analysis + language). For topic-specific help, see the Chac Mool study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7/chac-mool-carlos-fuentes/study-guide/3nY7msR6XwShYcq0UXnO) and practice questions (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture).
Can someone explain how prefiguración works in Fuentes' writing?
Prefiguración (foreshadowing) in "Chac Mool" aparece cuando Fuentes siembra pistas tempranas que anuncian la transformación y la pérdida de identidad de Filiberto: las obsesiones con la estatua, el diario íntimo como narrador epistolar y los cambios de tono entre lo mundano y lo fantástico. Esas pequeñas incongruencias—el comportamiento cada vez más autónomo de la estatua, la degradación física y mental de Filiberto, y las descripciones casi rituales del agua y la lluvia—preparan al lector para el giro final sin romper la ambigüedad típica del realismo mágico. En términos del examen AP, reconocer prefiguración te ayuda a explicar cómo Fuentes desarrolla temas como tiempo circular/lineal, desdoblamiento y hegemonía cultural (Skill Category 1: Analysis). Para repasar ejemplos concretos y practicar preguntas sobre recursos literarios, mira el estudio guía de este tema (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7/chac-mool-carlos-fuentes/study-guide/3nY7msR6XwShYcq0UXnO) y usa los ejercicios de la unidad (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7) o prácticas adicionales (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture).
What's the difference between símbolo and personificación in literary analysis?
Símbolo y personificación son dos recursos distintos: - Símbolo: un objeto, persona o elemento que representa una idea más amplia. En "Chac Mool", la estatua de Chac Mool funciona como símbolo: no es sólo una pieza arqueológica; simboliza la herencia mesoamericana, el tiempo circular y la pérdida de identidad de Filiberto, y las tensiones entre hegemonía cultural y lo ancestral (tema clave en la unidad del Boom). En el examen, identifica qué significado abstracto sugiere el símbolo y da evidencias concretas del texto. - Personificación: atribuir cualidades humanas a algo no humano. En el cuento, cuando la estatua “cobra vida” o muestra deseos, eso es personificación (y también parte del realismo mágico). En un ensayo AP, señala la personificación y explica cómo contribuye a la atmósfera, al suspenso o a la transformación del personaje. Para practicar estos y otros términos (ambigüedad, desdoblamiento, realismo mágico) revisa el estudio guía de "Chac Mool" en Fiveable (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture/unit-7/chac-mool-carlos-fuentes/study-guide/3nY7msR6XwShYcq0UXnO) y haz preguntas en las prácticas (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-spanish-literature-and-culture).