Realist film theory champions authenticity in cinema, emphasizing minimal manipulation and real-life representation. It focuses on everyday experiences, using techniques like long takes and deep focus to capture genuine human moments and social realities.

This approach contrasts with other film theories like formalism and expressionism. Realist films often serve as powerful tools for social commentary, exploring contemporary issues and critiquing societal structures through an objective lens.

Realist Film Theory Foundations

Core tenets of realist film theory

• Authenticity in representation emphasizes minimal manipulation of real-life events and use of non-professional actors (Italian Neorealism)
• Objective portrayal of the world avoids artificial staging and emphasizes natural lighting (Cinéma vérité)
• Rejection of formalist techniques minimizes special effects and limits post-production manipulation
• Focus on everyday life and ordinary people captures genuine human experiences (Kitchen sink realism)
• Preference for location shooting over studio sets enhances environmental authenticity (French New Wave)

Techniques in realist filmmaking

• Long takes preserve real-time action through uninterrupted shots allowing events to unfold naturally on screen (Russian Ark)
• Deep focus cinematography keeps foreground, middle ground, and background in focus enabling viewers to observe multiple planes of action (Citizen Kane)
• Minimal editing techniques reduce number of cuts to maintain continuity and preserve spatial and temporal integrity
• Camera movement utilizes handheld cameras for a more immediate feel and steady, observational shots to mimic human perception (Dogme 95 movement)

Realist Film Theory in Context

Social commentary in realist films

• Exploration of contemporary issues focuses on socioeconomic struggles and portrays marginalized communities (Bicycle Thieves)
• Critique of societal structures exposes systemic inequalities and examines power dynamics (The Battle of Algiers)
• Documentation of historical events represents significant social movements and depicts political upheavals (The Battle of Chile)
• Emphasis on human condition explores universal themes and portrays moral dilemmas (Tokyo Story)

Realist theory vs other approaches

• Formalism emphasizes artistic manipulation and uses montage and editing techniques unlike realism's focus on authenticity and long takes
• Expressionism employs stylized visuals and set design with exaggerated performances contrasting realism's natural settings and understated acting (The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari)
• Surrealism explores dreams and subconscious with non-linear narratives unlike realism's focus on observable reality and chronological storytelling (Un Chien Andalou)
• Auteur theory prioritizes director's personal vision and recurring stylistic elements contrasting realism's objective representation and adaptability to subject matter (Alfred Hitchcock films)