Discourse analysis examines how language works in context. It looks at cohesion, which connects words and sentences, and coherence, which creates overall meaning and logic in communication.

Understanding cohesion and coherence helps us analyze texts and conversations. We'll explore linguistic devices that create cohesion and factors that contribute to coherence in various forms of communication.

Discourse Analysis Fundamentals

Cohesion vs coherence in discourse

• Cohesion creates surface-level linguistic connections through grammatical and lexical ties between sentences and paragraphs (pronouns, conjunctions)
• Coherence establishes underlying semantic and logical relationships contributing to overall sense and meaning of text (thematic consistency, logical flow)
• Key differences highlight cohesion as text-based and objectively identifiable while coherence relies on reader interpretation and background knowledge

Linguistic devices for cohesion

• Reference uses pronouns, demonstratives, and articles to connect ideas (she, this, the)
• Substitution replaces linguistic items with others to avoid repetition (one, do, so)
• Ellipsis omits elements understood from context enhancing text flow ("I like coffee. She doesn't [like coffee].")
• Conjunction employs connective words and phrases to link ideas (and, however, because, then)
• Lexical cohesion utilizes word relationships and repetition (synonyms, antonyms, collocations)

Role of coherence in texts

• Thematic progression develops and maintains central themes through topic sentences and paragraph structure
• Logical relationships establish connections between ideas (cause-effect, problem-solution, comparison-contrast)
• Background knowledge activation taps into readers' prior understanding and cultural context
• Inferencing allows readers to fill gaps and draw conclusions based on textual cues
• Global coherence ensures overall unity and purpose of text through macrostructure and superstructure

Application of cohesion and coherence

• Written texts analysis examines academic papers, narrative texts, and argumentative essays for structural elements and logical flow
• Spoken interactions analysis explores conversation dynamics, discourse markers, and prosodic features
• Multimodal communication analysis investigates visual cohesion, image-text relationships, and cross-mode synchronization
• Cross-genre comparison identifies differences in cohesive devices and coherence expectations across text types
• Intercultural communication considers cultural variations in coherence patterns and rhetorical structures