Male and female reproductive systems are complex and fascinating. The male system includes external parts like the penis and scrotum, and internal organs like testicles and prostate. These work together to produce and deliver sperm.

The female system has external parts like the labia and clitoris, and internal organs including the uterus and ovaries. This intricate system enables egg production, fertilization, and fetal development during pregnancy.

Male Reproductive Anatomy

External Male Reproductive Organs

• Penis functions as both reproductive and urinary organ
  • Consists of shaft and glans (head)
  • Contains erectile tissue that fills with blood during arousal
  • Urethra runs through center for urine and semen passage
• Scrotum houses and protects testicles
  • Sac of skin located below penis
  • Regulates temperature of testicles for optimal sperm production
• Foreskin covers glans of penis in uncircumcised males
  • Protects sensitive glans and keeps it moist
  • Can be retracted during sexual activity or cleaning

Internal Male Reproductive Organs

• Testicles produce sperm and testosterone
  • Located within scrotum
  • Contain seminiferous tubules where sperm develop
  • Leydig cells produce testosterone
• Vas deferens transports sperm from testicles
  • Long, muscular tube
  • Connects epididymis to urethra
  • Contracts during ejaculation to propel sperm
• Prostate gland produces components of semen
  • Walnut-sized gland located below bladder
  • Surrounds urethra
  • Secretes alkaline fluid to protect sperm in acidic vaginal environment

Female Reproductive Anatomy

External Female Reproductive Organs

• Labia protect vaginal opening
  • Consist of labia majora (outer lips) and labia minora (inner lips)
  • Vary in size and appearance among individuals
• Clitoris serves as primary source of sexual pleasure
  • Located at top of vulva where labia meet
  • Contains thousands of nerve endings
  • Has internal structure extending into body
• Bartholin's glands produce lubricating fluid
  • Located on either side of vaginal opening
  • Secrete mucus during sexual arousal
  • Help reduce friction during intercourse

Internal Female Reproductive Organs

• Vagina connects external genitalia to uterus
  • Muscular, elastic canal
  • Allows for penetration during intercourse
  • Serves as birth canal during childbirth
• Cervix forms lower part of uterus
  • Narrow passage connecting vagina to uterus
  • Produces cervical mucus that changes throughout menstrual cycle
  • Dilates during childbirth to allow passage of baby
• Uterus houses developing fetus during pregnancy
  • Pear-shaped muscular organ
  • Inner lining (endometrium) thickens and sheds during menstrual cycle
  • Expands significantly during pregnancy
• Fallopian tubes transport eggs from ovaries to uterus
  • Pair of narrow tubes extending from uterus
  • Site of fertilization if sperm meets egg
  • Lined with cilia to help move egg and embryo
• Ovaries produce eggs and hormones
  • Almond-shaped organs located on either side of uterus
  • Contain follicles housing immature eggs
  • Release mature egg during ovulation
  • Produce estrogen and progesterone