Character blocking is a powerful tool in directing, shaping how actors move and interact on stage. It conveys relationships, emotions, and power dynamics through proximity, body positioning, and use of space.

Effective blocking patterns create visual interest and guide audience focus. Triangulation, circular movement, and strategic use of levels ensure all actors are seen. Script analysis informs blocking choices, translating character objectives and subtext into physical action.

Principles of Effective Blocking

Importance of character blocking

• Character proximity conveys intimacy levels and relationships
  • Intimate distance (0-18 inches) suggests closeness or tension
  • Personal distance (18 inches - 4 feet) for conversations between friends
  • Social distance (4-12 feet) for casual acquaintances or business interactions
  • Public distance (12+ feet) implies formality or emotional distance
• Levels and height differences establish power dynamics
  • Standing vs. sitting creates visual hierarchy (king on throne)
  • Use of platforms or stairs emphasizes status differences (balcony scenes)
• Body positioning reveals character attitudes and emotions
  • Open stances suggest confidence and openness (arms uncrossed)
  • Closed stances indicate defensiveness or insecurity (hunched shoulders)
  • Facing towards or away from others shows engagement or avoidance
• Stage areas carry symbolic weight
  • Downstage center commands attention and authority (protagonist's monologue)
  • Upstage suggests weakness, distance, or observation (eavesdropping character)
• Physical contact significance ranges from intimacy to aggression
  • Gentle touches imply affection or support (comforting hug)
  • Forceful contact suggests conflict or dominance (shoving match)
• Props establish status or define relationships
  • Character with clipboard exudes authority (director, doctor)
  • Shared object creates connection between characters (passing love letter)

Common blocking patterns

• Triangulation creates visual interest and emphasizes relationships
  • Three characters form points of triangle, shifting focus (family argument)
• Circular movement conveys tension or builds energy
  • Characters circle each other warily (confrontation scene)
  • Group moves in circle to represent cycle or ritual (witches' dance)
• Diagonal crosses imply purpose and create dynamic stage pictures
  • Character strides diagonally across stage with determination (hero's entrance)
• Parallel and counterpoint movement shows unity or conflict
  • Synchronized movement suggests agreement or shared purpose (chorus line)
  • Contrasting movements highlight differences or opposition (rival gangs)
• Tableaux freeze action for emphasis, creating memorable visual moments
  • Characters freeze in dramatic pose at climax (duel scene)
• Isolation focuses attention and conveys loneliness
  • Single character in spotlight while others dim (soliloquy)

Blocking for audience focus

• Cheating out maintains visibility of facial expressions
  • Actors angle slightly towards audience even in intimate scenes
• Upstaging and downstaging creates depth and avoids masking
  • Moving upstage character forward reveals both actors (dialogue exchange)
• Using levels ensures visibility in group scenes
  • Staggering heights prevents blocking view (courtroom scene)
  • Set pieces provide varied elevations (multi-level apartment set)
• Creating focal points guides audience's eye
  • Stillness draws attention amidst movement (character realization moment)
  • Coordinated movement directs focus (ensemble parting to reveal protagonist)
• Managing entrances and exits considers sightlines
  • Characters enter from different doors to create balance (party scene)
  • Strategic use of stage doors adds meaning (sneaking vs grand entrance)

Script analysis for blocking

• Identifying key moments shapes overall blocking strategy
  • Recognizing turning points informs character positioning (revelation scene)
  • Noting dynamic changes influences proxemics (friends becoming enemies)
• Determining character objectives informs movement choices
  • Understanding character wants drives blocking decisions (pursuing or avoiding)
  • Recognizing obstacles shapes character paths (physical or emotional barriers)
• Interpreting subtext influences subtle blocking choices
  • Unspoken thoughts reflected in body language (hesitation before handshake)
  • Contradictions between dialogue and actions shown physically (forced smile)
• Physical environment in script informs blocking possibilities
  • Set pieces become blocking tools (hiding behind furniture)
  • Adapting to implied space shapes movement (cramped apartment vs open field)
• Tracking character arcs through positioning shows growth
  • Character's physical presence evolves (shy to confident posture)
  • Spatial relationships shift over time (enemies to lovers)
• Balancing naturalism with theatrical effect creates compelling visuals
  • Believable movement maintains realism (casual conversation blocking)
  • Heightened blocking underscores themes (stylized movement in abstract play)