Greek comedy had a specific structure and key elements that made it unique. From the prologue to the exodos, each part played a crucial role in advancing the plot and engaging the audience. The parabasis was especially important, allowing playwrights to break the fourth wall and address current issues.

Stock characters like the alazon and eiron were central to Greek comedy, creating comic tension and driving the plot forward. Satire, parody, and political commentary were also essential, using humor to critique society and encourage reflection on important issues of the day.

Structure and Elements of Greek Comedy

Structure of Greek comedy

• Prologue introduces main characters and plot through monologue or dialogue between two characters
• Parados marks beginning of main action with chorus entering stage singing and dancing
• Episodes alternate with choral interludes and advance plot through character dialogue, typically three to five episodes per play
• Exodos features final scene with celebration or resolution as chorus leaves stage singing final song

Function of parabasis

• Parabasis is a break in the action where chorus directly addresses audience, often occurring in middle of play between episodes
• Allows playwright to express views on political, social, or literary issues through chorus stepping out of dramatic role
• Provides comic relief and change of pace from main plot
• Can include criticism of audience, rivals, or public figures (Cleon) or offer praise for playwright's own work and defend artistic choices

Conventions and Themes in Greek Comedy

Stock characters in Greek comedy

• Alazon is a boastful, self-important character who claims qualities or abilities they lack, often serving as antagonist or foil to main character (braggart soldier, quack doctor)
• Eiron downplays own abilities or importance as protagonist or hero, using wit, irony, and understatement to outwit the alazon (clever slave, wise old man)
• Interaction between alazon and eiron creates comic tension, drives plot, with eiron's cleverness and humility ultimately triumphing over alazon's boastfulness and deceit

Satire and commentary in comedies

• Satire uses humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize human vices or foolishness, often targeting contemporary Athenian society, politics, and public figures to challenge status quo and encourage change
• Parody imitates another work of literature, art, or genre for comic effect, frequently parodying well-known myths, tragedies, or epic poems to subvert audience expectations and create humor through incongruity
• Political commentary includes references to current events, public figures (Pericles), or policies to express views on issues (war, democracy, social reform), criticize those in power, rally support for causes, or encourage civic engagement
• Interplay of satire, parody, and political commentary creates multilayered, thought-provoking experience for audience, blending humor with serious themes to entertain while prompting reflection and debate on important issues