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๐Ÿ›๏ธGreek and Roman Myths Unit 13 Review

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13.2 Perseus: Medusa and the Rescue of Andromeda

๐Ÿ›๏ธGreek and Roman Myths
Unit 13 Review

13.2 Perseus: Medusa and the Rescue of Andromeda

Written by the Fiveable Content Team โ€ข Last updated September 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team โ€ข Last updated September 2025
๐Ÿ›๏ธGreek and Roman Myths
Unit & Topic Study Guides

Perseus, a Greek hero, embarks on a perilous quest to slay Medusa, the snake-haired Gorgon whose gaze turns people to stone. Armed with divine gifts, he cleverly uses a polished shield to avoid direct eye contact and beheads the monster.

After his triumph, Perseus rescues Andromeda, a princess chained to a rock as a sacrifice to a sea monster. He defeats the creature using Medusa's head, marries Andromeda, and returns home victorious, solidifying his status as a legendary hero.

Perseus and Medusa

Perseus' Divine Gifts and Mission

  • Perseus, son of Zeus and Danae, received divine gifts to aid his quest
  • Winged sandals granted by Hermes enabled Perseus to fly swiftly through the air
  • Helm of Hades, borrowed from the god of the underworld, rendered Perseus invisible
  • Aegis, Zeus' shield, protected Perseus from harm and reflected Medusa's gaze
  • Harpe, an adamantine sword provided by Hephaestus, served as Perseus' weapon to behead Medusa

The Gorgons and Medusa's Curse

  • Gorgons consisted of three sisters: Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa
  • Medusa, once a beautiful maiden, transformed into a monster by Athena
  • Medusa's gaze turned living creatures to stone upon eye contact
  • Snakes replaced Medusa's hair, symbolizing her monstrous nature
  • Perseus tasked with retrieving Medusa's head as a seemingly impossible quest

Perseus' Strategy and Triumph

  • Perseus used polished shield to view Medusa's reflection, avoiding direct eye contact
  • Utilized invisibility from Helm of Hades to approach Medusa undetected
  • Employed winged sandals for quick and agile movement during the confrontation
  • Decapitated Medusa with the harpe while she slept
  • Stored Medusa's head in a special sack to use its petrifying power later

Perseus' Family and Early Life

The Miraculous Birth of Perseus

  • Danae, daughter of King Acrisius of Argos, confined in a bronze chamber
  • Zeus visited Danae in the form of a golden shower, impregnating her
  • Perseus conceived through this divine union, fulfilling a prophecy
  • King Acrisius, fearing the prophecy, cast Danae and infant Perseus into the sea

Perseus' Upbringing and Polydectes' Schemes

  • Dictys, a fisherman, rescued Danae and Perseus on the island of Seriphos
  • Perseus grew up under the care of Dictys and his wife
  • Polydectes, king of Seriphos, desired to marry Danae
  • Perseus acted as protector of his mother, thwarting Polydectes' advances
  • Polydectes devised a plan to send Perseus on the dangerous quest for Medusa's head

Perseus and Andromeda

Andromeda's Plight and Perseus' Intervention

  • Andromeda, daughter of King Cepheus and Queen Cassiopeia of Ethiopia
  • Cassiopeia's boast of beauty angered Poseidon, who sent a sea monster to ravage the kingdom
  • Oracle declared Andromeda must be sacrificed to appease Poseidon
  • Perseus discovered Andromeda chained to a rock, awaiting her fate
  • Utilized Medusa's head to petrify the sea monster, saving Andromeda

Perseus and Andromeda's Union

  • Perseus negotiated with King Cepheus for Andromeda's hand in marriage
  • Overcame challenges from Andromeda's former suitor, Phineus
  • Turned Phineus and his supporters to stone using Medusa's head
  • Perseus and Andromeda married, establishing a new royal lineage
  • Returned to Seriphos with Andromeda, confronting Polydectes and rescuing Danae