"Food as medicine" in Chinese is 药食同源 (yào shí tóng yuán) or more practically, 食疗 (shí liáo). Chinese people use this idea in everyday choices and special situations: eating seasonally to balance qi and climate, choosing "cooling" or "warming" foods for minor imbalances, using soups and herbs to prevent or ease colds, and during postpartum confinement (坐月子) to restore health. It also appears in managing chronic conditions (like digestion or fatigue) and in elderly diets—never only as a substitute for modern medical treatment but often as a complementary practice. On the AP exam, 药食同源 and 食疗 are key cultural vocabulary you might use in a cultural presentation or email response for Topic 5.2 (Chinese Food Culture and Nutrition). For a quick review of related cultural ideas, see the Unit 5 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5/chinese-tea-culture-fengshui/study-guide/iHgnndSLFBpmzbtY70Vv) and the unit overview (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5). For more practice using this vocabulary in AP-style prompts, check Fiveable’s practice problems (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-chinese-language-and-literature).

Short answer: 食物 = foods/food items (concrete things you eat). 饮食 = eating/eating habits/diet or food culture (broader concept including how, when, why people eat). Tips to keep them straight in essays: - If you mean specific ingredients or dishes, use 食物 (e.g., 水果、蔬菜、肉类都是健康的食物). - If you mean patterns, culture, or nutrition, use 饮食 (e.g., 中国的饮食文化、饮食习惯、营养均衡). - Combine them correctly: “饮食习惯会影响我们选择什么食物” is natural and exam-appropriate. On the AP exam, free-response tasks often ask about cultural practices (use 饮食文化/饮食习惯) or health impacts (use 营养、营养均衡). For more Topic 5.2 review and vocabulary, see the Unit 5 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5/chinese-tea-culture-fengshui/study-guide/iHgnndSLFBpmzbtY70Vv) and practice questions (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-chinese-language-and-literature).

Short answer: use 个 for single/countable items, 盘 for plated/shared dishes, and 碗 for bowl servings. - 个: generic for one piece/serving when no specific measure word is required—e.g., 一个苹果、一个包子、一个饺子（but 饺子 often uses 个 or 盘/碟 depending on serving). Use 个 when unsure. - 盘: a plate/serving meant to be shared at the table—e.g., 一盘青菜、一盘鱼、一盘饺子。Common for family-style dishes (important in Chinese dining culture/家庭聚餐). - 碗: something served in a bowl—e.g., 一碗饭、一碗面、一碗汤。Use 碗 for single-person portions or bowl dishes. Other useful measure words: 份 (portion), 条 (long items like 鱼/面包), 包 (pack/bun), 笼 (steamer of dim sum). For AP free-response, pick culturally accurate vocabulary (盘 vs. 碗) to show knowledge of dining/customs—it helps your cultural presentation and email tasks. Review Topic 5.2 study guide (Fiveable) here: (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5/chinese-tea-culture-fengshui/study-guide/iHgnndSLFBpmzbtY70Vv). For extra practice, use Fiveable’s practice questions (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-chinese-language-and-literature).

用法区别很简单： - 药食同源 (yào shí tóng yuán) 是一个更宽的文化/理论概念，意思是“药和食物来源相同”，强调很多常见食材既能当菜也能入药（比如枸杞、姜、山药）。你用它来谈传统饮食哲学、历史背景或表达“食物本身有药用价值”的观点（CED里属“Food as medicine”概念）。 - 食疗 (shí liáo) 更具体、实用，指用食物来预防或缓解某种症状或调养身体（比如用粥、汤、药膳来补气血、祛寒）。在写作或口头回答时，当题目问“怎么通过饮食改善健康”或要求给出具体建议，就用食疗。 在 AP 题目（特别是文化陈述/演讲 Q4 或写邮件 Q2）要区分：谈文化背景写“药食同源”，给出具体饮食建议写“食疗”。想复习例子和练习题，看看这个单元的学习指南 (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5/chinese-tea-culture-fengshui/study-guide/iHgnndSLFBpmzbtY70Vv) 和整单位资源 (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5)。更多练习题在 (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-chinese-language-and-literature)。

Right—“hot” (热) and “cold” (寒) in Chinese food culture are about internal balance, not temperature. It comes from yin–yang and 食疗 (food therapy)/药食同源: foods have properties that affect your body’s qi and heat. Roughly two categories: “hot/warming” foods (姜、羊肉、辣椒) raise internal warmth and are used in winter or when you feel cold; “cold/cooling” foods (西瓜、绿豆、梨) cool you down and are used for heat-related symptoms (fever, sore throat). People choose foods to restore balance based on season, constitution, or symptoms—e.g., someone with a cold might eat warming soup. This fits Topic 5.2 ideas: seasonal eating patterns, food as medicine, and balance concepts. If you want to explain this on the AP Cultural Presentation or an email task, mention 药食同源 and give 2–3 examples. For more review, see the Topic 5 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5/chinese-tea-culture-fengshui/study-guide/iHgnndSLFBpmzbtY70Vv) and extra practice (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-chinese-language-and-literature).

Use clear transitional phrases to connect ideas—the rubrics reward “appropriate transitional elements and cohesive devices” (see Topic 5.2 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5/chinese-tea-culture-fengshui/study-guide/iHgnndSLFBpmzbtY70Vv)). Useful phrases: - 表示对比 / 转折: 但是、不过、然而、相反 (dànshì / búguò / rán'ér / xiāngfǎn) - 强调传统 vs 现代: 传统上…，而现在… / 过去…，如今… (chuántǒng shàng…, ér xiànzài… / guòqù…, rújīn…) - 说明原因/结果: 因为…所以…、因此、导致 (yīnwèi… suǒyǐ…, yīncǐ, dǎozhì) - 举例: 比如、例如、像…这样的 (bǐrú, lìrú, xiàng… zhèyàng de) - 表示程度/变化: 越来越…、不再…、明显 (yuè lái yuè…, bù zài…, míngxiǎn) - 总结/评价: 总的来说、可以看出、综上所述 (zǒng de lái shuō, kěyǐ kànchū, zōngshàng suǒshù) Practice weaving 2–3 of these per response (contrast + example + summary). For more AP-style practice, check unit review (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5) and practice questions (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-chinese-language-and-literature).

越来越表示“逐渐增加或变得更……”，用法很固定： - 主语 + 越来越 + 形容词：说明某种性质越来越强／弱。 例：近年来，中国的肥胖率越来越高。／人们越来越注重营养均衡。 - 越来越 + 多 + 名词：强调数量增加。 例：越来越多的人吃外卖，导致加工食品消费上升。 - 主语 + （会/正在）+ 越来越 + 形容词/短语：可以表达现在的趋势或将来的变化。 例：如果不改善饮食习惯，肥胖问题会越来越严重。 写作或口语（尤其自由答题或文化陈述）里，交替使用“肥胖率越来越高”、“肥胖的人越来越多”、“人们越来越胖”可以避免重复，显示语法多样性。想多练习这个句型的真实例句和题型，参考 Unit 5 学习资料（https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5/chinese-tea-culture-fengshui/study-guide/iHgnndSLFBpmzbtY70Vv）和大量练习题（https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-chinese-language-and-literature）。

Short answer: 由于 is more formal and often used at the start of a sentence/clause (reason → result), while 因为 is more neutral/colloquial and can start clauses or appear mid-sentence (because …, so …). On the AP free-response, vary your connectors and be clear about cause→effect to meet “organized and coherent” scoring. How to use them (with food-safety examples): - 由于 + noun/phrase，(result)。 由于农药残留严重，很多消费者不敢买本地蔬菜。 (formal, good for essays/presentations) - 因为 + clause，(result)。 因为监管不严，食品安全事件频发。 (natural and common) - 因为……所以…… emphasizes logic: 因为加工食品添加剂过多， 所以人们的健康受影响。 - 由于……导致…… is common in written analysis: 由于运输条件差，导致食品变质率上升。 Tip for AP: use varied connectors (因此、所以、导致、因此) and link causes to health/nutrition impacts (营养均衡、农药残留、食品安全事件). For more unit-specific phrasing and practice, check the Topic 5 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5/chinese-tea-culture-fengshui/study-guide/iHgnndSLFBpmzbtY70Vv) and more practice questions (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-chinese-language-and-literature).

Eating together in Chinese families signals more than nutrition—it's a practice for bonding, teaching filial piety, and showing hospitality. Shared dishes (合菜), communal chopsticks/turntable seating, and ritual foods at festivals create family cohesion, transmit generational recipes, and reflect ideas like balance (寒热调和) and 食疗/药食同源. For AP prompts (e.g., Cultural Presentation Q4), explain its social function—relationship-building, respect for elders, and regional variation—rather than claiming it’s universal. To avoid sounding stereotypical: use qualifiers (“many families,” “often,” “in some regions”), give concrete examples (Cantonese dim sum brunch vs. northern family stews), and note generational or urban/rural differences. Tie your point to CED terms like 饮食文化, 家庭聚餐, 地方菜. For more background and sample language, see the Topic 5 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5/chinese-tea-culture-fengshui/study-guide/iHgnndSLFBpmzbtY70Vv) and practice problems (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-chinese-language-and-literature).

八大菜系（regional cuisine diversity 是 Topic 5.2 的重点）： - 鲁菜 (Lǔ cài)—Shandong (fresh, salty) - 川菜 (Chuān cài)—Sichuan (spicy, má là 麻辣) - 粤菜 (Yuè cài)—Cantonese (fresh, dim sum 点心) - 苏菜 (Sū cài)—Jiangsu (sweet, delicate) - 浙菜 (Zhè cài)—Zhejiang (fresh, light) - 闽菜 (Mǐn cài)—Fujian (seafood, soups) - 湘菜 (Xiāng cài)—Hunan (hot, spicy) - 徽菜 (Huī cài)—Anhui (mountain flavors, stewing) 记住发音用拼音和声调（上面标注了）。在写/说文化题目时，能用这些词汇并解释各地特色，会帮助你在 free-response 的文化呈现题得分（参照 CED 关于 regional cuisine diversity）。复习更多相关内容和练习题见 Fiveable 单元与学习指南（https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5 和 https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5/chinese-tea-culture-fengshui/study-guide/iHgnndSLFBpmzbtY70Vv）。

Use 北方人. Both forms are grammatical, but 北方人 is the natural, concise way to talk about people from the north (e.g., 北方人爱吃面食). 北方的人 is longer and puts slight emphasis on “those people” (more like “the people in the north”)—it’s fine when you want contrast or focus (e.g., 北方的人（普遍）喜欢吃面，而南方的人喜欢吃米). For AP tasks (writing or speaking), prefer the concise noun form 北方人 for clear, native-sounding statements and comparisons required by prompts (e.g., 描述南北饮食差异). If you want nuance or a clause after “的人,” use 北方的人 + clause (北方的人习惯在冬天吃热汤). For more Topic 5.2 review on regional food and how to phrase comparisons, see the Unit 5 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5/chinese-tea-culture-fengshui/study-guide/iHgnndSLFBpmzbtY70Vv) and extra practice questions (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-chinese-language-and-literature).

Use specific, concrete examples your audience can picture: - Breakfast: more people (esp. students/young professionals) grab coffee and a sandwich from Western chains instead of traditional 粥、包子—shows shift in 早餐习惯 and convenience food adoption. - Social dining: McDonald’s/KFC became “meeting places” for teens, changing 家庭与社交用餐 norms (less multi-generational sharing). - Portion and taste: larger portions, more fried/processed items led to increased 外卖/加工食品 consumption and contributed to 肥胖与代谢病 trends—contrast with 药食同源 and 营养均衡. - Fast-food delivery & marketing: Western brands normalized combo meals and aggressive marketing, influencing 单人外卖 culture and snacking. - Supply chain/food safety: reliance on processed ingredients raised 食品安全 concerns, prompting interest in 有机食品运动. For your AP cultural presentation, link these examples to generational differences and health impacts (Topic 5.2). For background and phrasing help, see the Topic 5 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5/chinese-tea-culture-fengshui/study-guide/iHgnndSLFBpmzbtY70Vv), the unit overview (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5), and practice questions (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-chinese-language-and-literature).

Use common comparative structures and tie them to Topic 5.2 vocabulary (夜市小吃、地方菜、饮食文化、营养均衡). Key patterns: - A 比 B + adj. （成都的夜市小吃比上海的更辣。） - A 没有 B + adj. （北京的早点没有广州的那么多样。） - A 不如 B + noun/adj. （广州的点心不如广东本地的正宗。） - A 比较 / 更 + adj. （西安的街头小吃比较传统，上海更现代。） - 和…比，A 更…/A 没有…那么…（和北京比，成都的口味更重。） - 越…越… to show trend （从北到南，饮食越来越注重清淡和营养均衡。） Use specific examples in speaking/writing tasks on the exam (Conversation, Email, Cultural Presentation) to show cultural knowledge plus language accuracy. For quick topic review check the Unit 5 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5/chinese-tea-culture-fengshui/study-guide/iHgnndSLFBpmzbtY70Vv), unit overview (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5), and practice questions (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-chinese-language-and-literature) on Fiveable.

句型很简单，记住两部分：对 + 受影响的对象 + 有益/有害。常见搭配是“对身体/健康/心脏/儿童成长/营养均衡有益/有 句型很简单，记住两部分：对 + 受影响的对象 + 有益/有害。常见搭配：对身体/健康/心脏/肝脏/儿童成长/营养均衡有益/有害。 举例（短句练习）： - 多吃蔬菜对身体有益。 - 油炸食品对心脏有害。 - 这种补品对儿童成长没有明显益处。（注意否定用“没有”或“不”） - 适量喝茶对消化有益，但过量可能有害。 细节提示： - 对后面通常接名词短语（身体、健康、营养均衡等）。 - 可以加程度副词：对身体非常有益 / 对健康有一定的害处。 - 在写作/口语题（如邮件或文化陈述）用这个结构很自然，能直接表达饮食与健康的关系，符合Topic 5.2要求（中国饮食文化和营养）。 想练更多例句和题目，参考这个专题学习指南（https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5/chinese-tea-culture-fengshui/study-guide/iHgnndSLFBpmzbtY70Vv）或做练习题（https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-chinese-language-and-literature）。

Good question—the difference is small but useful. - 传统 (chuántǒng) is either a noun “tradition” or an adjective used in fixed compounds (e.g., 传统文化, 传统饮食). It’s concise and common in formal phrases. - 传统的 adds the particle 的 to make a clear adjectival modifier before a noun (e.g., 传统的饮食文化, 传统的菜肴). It slightly emphasizes the descriptive quality and is more flexible when you want to modify different nouns. Usage tips for AP tasks: for a crisp cultural presentation or written paragraph, use the compact noun-adjective form (传统饮食文化) to sound more fluent and formal—this fits the Cultural Presentation rubric. Use 传统的 when you want to emphasize or contrast (e.g., 传统的家庭聚餐 vs. 现代的外卖文化) in emails or conversations. For practice, check the Unit 5 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-chinese-language-and-literature/unit-5/chinese-tea-culture-fengshui/study-guide/iHgnndSLFBpmzbtY70Vv) and more problems (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-chinese-language-and-literature).