4 min read•january 29, 2023
Riya Patel
Riya Patel
In later European and American art, some notable movements include:
In the Americas, the art of the United States during this period was heavily influenced by European movements, but also developed its own style and themes. For example, the Hudson River School of painters, active in the mid-19th century, depicted the American landscape in a romantic and idealized manner, while the Ashcan School, active around the turn of the 20th century, focused on urban life and the working class. Additionally, the 20th century saw the rise of the the abstract expressionism, which was led by the likes of Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko and Willem de Kooning.
Form:
Enlightenment Piece
Oil on Canvas
Content:
Portrait of a nun
Books (symbolizing education)
Nun = sor
St. Jerome's translation of Bible
Painting of Virgin Mary
Toys with Rosary in Left Hand
Red Curtains (higher status)
Eye contact with viewer
Function:
Conveys the Intellectual and Religious Status
Feminist
Context:
Artist: Miguel Cabrera
1750 CE
Location: Mexico City
Form:
Style: Rococo
Themes: Love, pastels, aristocracy, delicate application, arabesques
Oil on Canvas
Content:
Love gardens with sculptures
Attendant swinging = elite
French garden
Cupid whispering
Expensive shoes on feet
Function:
Display aristocracy
Decorate buildings
Shows decadence and pleasures enjoyed by elite
Context:
1767 CE
Artist: Jean-Honore Fragonard
Enlightenment
unction:
Display aristocracy
Context:
Form:
Oil on Canvas
Color Expression = inner reality
Content:
Night
Spiritual - pulsing, swirling, spin
Church
Cyprus tree = cemetery
Function:
Night has more color than day
Everything is "alive"
Hope
Request for love
Context:
1889
Artist: Vincent Van Gogh
St. Remy
Painted in Hospital
Form:
Classical Art
Precise Detail
Photography
Function:
Elevate photography to art
Content:
Long exposure
Movement not recorded
Reversed image
No flash
Plaster casts - angels
Context:
1837 CE
Artist: Louis Jacques Maude Daguerre
Form:
Proto-Cubism Style
Content:
Incorporation of works from various time periods
Kouros, African masks, Manet's works
5 women directly staring at viewer
Function:
New world of movement in art
Context:
1907 CE
Artist: Pablo Picasso
Street in Barcelona
Form:
Ex-Voto Tradition
Left = Victorian European
Right = Mexican
Function:
Self portrait
Search for self
Show two heritages - European father/Mexican mother
Blood on lap - abortions and miscarriages
Content:
European Frida on left and Indian/Medican Frida on right
Right: holds small portrait of ex-husband Diego as child
Left: holds hemostat - stop bleeding of heart
Stormy sky- everything going wrong
Heart twined together by veins that are cut by scissors at one end and lead to portrait of husband
Context:
In the midst of divorce with Diego Rivera
1939
Form:
Modern Abstract
Little Detail
Symmetrical
Stone
Function:
Version of The Kiss by Klimt
Content:
Two bodies becoming one
Interlocked
One thing line separating the two
Context:
Artist: Constantin Brancusi
Form:
Fresco, 50' long, 13' high
Inspired by surrealism
Dream/Nightmare
Function:
Political propaganda and nationalism
Historical narrative
Decoration for a hotel across screet from park
Show how government was in Mexico
Content:
Big urban park in Mexico City
Skeleton in middle - Diego as young boy
Older portrait of Frida
3 periods of Mexican History - Conquest, Porfirio of Diaz dictatorship, revolution of 1910
Historical government figures/revolution
Context:
1947-1948
Diego's memories of the park
Abstract Expressionism
: Abstract Expressionism was an art movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by non-representational artworks filled with emotion and energy. Artists focused on expressing their inner thoughts and feelings rather than depicting recognizable subjects.Ashcan School
: The Ashcan School was a group of early 20th-century American artists who sought to depict urban life in all its gritty reality. They focused on portraying everyday scenes from city streets, tenements, and working-class neighborhoods with an unflinching eye for detail.Cubism
: Cubism was an early 20th-century art movement pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. It revolutionized the way objects were depicted by breaking them down into geometric shapes and presenting multiple viewpoints simultaneously.Diego Rivera
: Diego Rivera was a prominent Mexican painter and muralist known for his large-scale murals depicting social and political messages. His works often celebrated the indigenous cultures of Mexico and addressed issues such as class inequality.Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in the Alameda Park
: "Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in the Alameda Park" is a mural painted by Diego Rivera that depicts various figures from Mexican history and culture. It showcases Rivera's unique style combining elements of realism with bold colors and political symbolism.Fauvism
: Fauvism was an early 20th-century art movement characterized by its use of bold, non-naturalistic colors and simplified forms. Fauvist artists aimed to capture intense emotions through vivid hues rather than realistic representation.Fresco
: Fresco is a painting technique where pigments are applied onto wet plaster, allowing the colors to become embedded in the wall as it dries. It creates a durable and long-lasting artwork.Frida Kahlo
: Frida Kahlo was a Mexican artist known for her self-portraits that often depicted her physical and emotional pain. She used vibrant colors and symbolism to express her personal experiences and cultural identity.Gustav Klimt
: Gustav Klimt was an Austrian symbolist painter known for his decorative and ornamental style, often featuring intricate patterns and gold leaf. His works often explored themes of sensuality, femininity, and the human condition.Hudson River School
: The Hudson River School was a group of American landscape painters in the 19th century who focused on capturing the beauty and grandeur of nature, particularly scenes along the Hudson River. They emphasized detailed and realistic depictions of landscapes, often with a sense of awe and reverence.Impressionism
: Impressionism is an art movement that originated in the late 19th century. It sought to capture fleeting moments and impressions of light, color, and atmosphere through loose brushwork and a focus on the effects of light on objects.Jean-Honoré Fragonard
: Jean-Honoré Fragonard was an influential French painter during the Rococo period. He is known for his light-hearted and playful style, often depicting scenes of love, flirtation, and leisure activities.Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
: Les Demoiselles d’Avignon is a groundbreaking painting by Pablo Picasso. It depicts five nude female prostitutes in a brothel in Avignon, France. The painting is known for its radical departure from traditional artistic conventions and its influence on the development of Cubism.Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre
: Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre was a French artist and inventor who developed one of the earliest forms of photography called daguerreotype. It involved exposing an image onto a silver-coated copper plate using light-sensitive chemicals.Miguel Cabrera
: Miguel Cabrera is a Venezuelan professional baseball player who is widely regarded as one of the greatest hitters in the history of the sport. He has won numerous awards and achieved remarkable statistics throughout his career.Pablo Picasso
: Pablo Picasso was a Spanish artist who is widely regarded as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century. He co-founded the Cubist movement and is known for his diverse range of artistic styles.Pop Art
: Pop Art was an art movement that emerged in the 1950s, characterized by incorporating popular culture imagery into artworks. Artists drew inspiration from consumer products, advertisements, celebrities, and mass media to create visually appealing pieces with a touch of irony.Portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
: The Portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz is a famous painting by Miguel Cabrera, depicting the renowned Mexican writer and philosopher. It is considered an important representation of Sor Juana's intellectual achievements and her contribution to women's rights.Post-Impressionism
: Post-Impressionism refers to an art movement that emerged in the late 19th century as a reaction against the limitations of Impressionism. Artists associated with this movement sought to express their own subjective experiences and emotions through bold colors, brushwork, and unconventional compositions.Proto-Cubism
: Proto-Cubism refers to an early stage in the development of Cubism where artists began experimenting with geometric shapes, multiple viewpoints, and breaking down forms into simpler elements.Realism
: Realism is an artistic movement that emerged in the mid-19th century as a response to Romanticism. It sought to depict everyday life with accuracy and objectivity, often focusing on social issues or ordinary people.Rococo
: Rococo is a style of art and decoration that emerged in the 18th century, characterized by elaborate ornamentation, pastel colors, and a playful, lighthearted atmosphere.Romanticism
: Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that emerged in the late 18th century as a reaction against the rationality of the Enlightenment. It emphasized emotions, individualism, imagination, and nature.Still Life in Studio
: A genre of painting that depicts inanimate objects, such as fruits, flowers, and everyday objects arranged in a studio setting. It focuses on capturing the beauty and details of these objects.Surrealism
: Surrealism is an artistic movement that emerged in the early 20th century, characterized by dreamlike and irrational imagery. Artists sought to tap into the unconscious mind and explore the realm of dreams, fantasies, and subconscious thoughts.Surrealist
: Surrealism is an artistic movement that emerged in the early 20th century. Artists associated with surrealism aimed to tap into the subconscious mind, creating bizarre and dreamlike imagery that challenged conventional reality.The Kiss
: "The Kiss" is a famous sculpture created by Auguste Rodin in 1889. It depicts two lovers locked in an intimate embrace, symbolizing passion and desire.The Swing
: "The Swing" is an iconic painting created by Jean-Honoré Fragonard during the Rococo period. It depicts a young woman on a swing being pushed by her lover while another man looks up her dress from below. The painting is known for its playful and flirtatious atmosphere.The Two Fridas (Las dos Fridas)
: The Two Fridas is a famous painting by Mexican artist Frida Kahlo. It depicts two versions of herself sitting side by side - one wearing traditional Mexican clothing while the other wears a European-style dress, symbolizing her dual heritage and emotional turmoil.4 min read•january 29, 2023
Riya Patel
Riya Patel
In later European and American art, some notable movements include:
In the Americas, the art of the United States during this period was heavily influenced by European movements, but also developed its own style and themes. For example, the Hudson River School of painters, active in the mid-19th century, depicted the American landscape in a romantic and idealized manner, while the Ashcan School, active around the turn of the 20th century, focused on urban life and the working class. Additionally, the 20th century saw the rise of the the abstract expressionism, which was led by the likes of Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko and Willem de Kooning.
Form:
Enlightenment Piece
Oil on Canvas
Content:
Portrait of a nun
Books (symbolizing education)
Nun = sor
St. Jerome's translation of Bible
Painting of Virgin Mary
Toys with Rosary in Left Hand
Red Curtains (higher status)
Eye contact with viewer
Function:
Conveys the Intellectual and Religious Status
Feminist
Context:
Artist: Miguel Cabrera
1750 CE
Location: Mexico City
Form:
Style: Rococo
Themes: Love, pastels, aristocracy, delicate application, arabesques
Oil on Canvas
Content:
Love gardens with sculptures
Attendant swinging = elite
French garden
Cupid whispering
Expensive shoes on feet
Function:
Display aristocracy
Decorate buildings
Shows decadence and pleasures enjoyed by elite
Context:
1767 CE
Artist: Jean-Honore Fragonard
Enlightenment
unction:
Display aristocracy
Context:
Form:
Oil on Canvas
Color Expression = inner reality
Content:
Night
Spiritual - pulsing, swirling, spin
Church
Cyprus tree = cemetery
Function:
Night has more color than day
Everything is "alive"
Hope
Request for love
Context:
1889
Artist: Vincent Van Gogh
St. Remy
Painted in Hospital
Form:
Classical Art
Precise Detail
Photography
Function:
Elevate photography to art
Content:
Long exposure
Movement not recorded
Reversed image
No flash
Plaster casts - angels
Context:
1837 CE
Artist: Louis Jacques Maude Daguerre
Form:
Proto-Cubism Style
Content:
Incorporation of works from various time periods
Kouros, African masks, Manet's works
5 women directly staring at viewer
Function:
New world of movement in art
Context:
1907 CE
Artist: Pablo Picasso
Street in Barcelona
Form:
Ex-Voto Tradition
Left = Victorian European
Right = Mexican
Function:
Self portrait
Search for self
Show two heritages - European father/Mexican mother
Blood on lap - abortions and miscarriages
Content:
European Frida on left and Indian/Medican Frida on right
Right: holds small portrait of ex-husband Diego as child
Left: holds hemostat - stop bleeding of heart
Stormy sky- everything going wrong
Heart twined together by veins that are cut by scissors at one end and lead to portrait of husband
Context:
In the midst of divorce with Diego Rivera
1939
Form:
Modern Abstract
Little Detail
Symmetrical
Stone
Function:
Version of The Kiss by Klimt
Content:
Two bodies becoming one
Interlocked
One thing line separating the two
Context:
Artist: Constantin Brancusi
Form:
Fresco, 50' long, 13' high
Inspired by surrealism
Dream/Nightmare
Function:
Political propaganda and nationalism
Historical narrative
Decoration for a hotel across screet from park
Show how government was in Mexico
Content:
Big urban park in Mexico City
Skeleton in middle - Diego as young boy
Older portrait of Frida
3 periods of Mexican History - Conquest, Porfirio of Diaz dictatorship, revolution of 1910
Historical government figures/revolution
Context:
1947-1948
Diego's memories of the park
Abstract Expressionism
: Abstract Expressionism was an art movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, characterized by non-representational artworks filled with emotion and energy. Artists focused on expressing their inner thoughts and feelings rather than depicting recognizable subjects.Ashcan School
: The Ashcan School was a group of early 20th-century American artists who sought to depict urban life in all its gritty reality. They focused on portraying everyday scenes from city streets, tenements, and working-class neighborhoods with an unflinching eye for detail.Cubism
: Cubism was an early 20th-century art movement pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. It revolutionized the way objects were depicted by breaking them down into geometric shapes and presenting multiple viewpoints simultaneously.Diego Rivera
: Diego Rivera was a prominent Mexican painter and muralist known for his large-scale murals depicting social and political messages. His works often celebrated the indigenous cultures of Mexico and addressed issues such as class inequality.Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in the Alameda Park
: "Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in the Alameda Park" is a mural painted by Diego Rivera that depicts various figures from Mexican history and culture. It showcases Rivera's unique style combining elements of realism with bold colors and political symbolism.Fauvism
: Fauvism was an early 20th-century art movement characterized by its use of bold, non-naturalistic colors and simplified forms. Fauvist artists aimed to capture intense emotions through vivid hues rather than realistic representation.Fresco
: Fresco is a painting technique where pigments are applied onto wet plaster, allowing the colors to become embedded in the wall as it dries. It creates a durable and long-lasting artwork.Frida Kahlo
: Frida Kahlo was a Mexican artist known for her self-portraits that often depicted her physical and emotional pain. She used vibrant colors and symbolism to express her personal experiences and cultural identity.Gustav Klimt
: Gustav Klimt was an Austrian symbolist painter known for his decorative and ornamental style, often featuring intricate patterns and gold leaf. His works often explored themes of sensuality, femininity, and the human condition.Hudson River School
: The Hudson River School was a group of American landscape painters in the 19th century who focused on capturing the beauty and grandeur of nature, particularly scenes along the Hudson River. They emphasized detailed and realistic depictions of landscapes, often with a sense of awe and reverence.Impressionism
: Impressionism is an art movement that originated in the late 19th century. It sought to capture fleeting moments and impressions of light, color, and atmosphere through loose brushwork and a focus on the effects of light on objects.Jean-Honoré Fragonard
: Jean-Honoré Fragonard was an influential French painter during the Rococo period. He is known for his light-hearted and playful style, often depicting scenes of love, flirtation, and leisure activities.Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
: Les Demoiselles d’Avignon is a groundbreaking painting by Pablo Picasso. It depicts five nude female prostitutes in a brothel in Avignon, France. The painting is known for its radical departure from traditional artistic conventions and its influence on the development of Cubism.Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre
: Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre was a French artist and inventor who developed one of the earliest forms of photography called daguerreotype. It involved exposing an image onto a silver-coated copper plate using light-sensitive chemicals.Miguel Cabrera
: Miguel Cabrera is a Venezuelan professional baseball player who is widely regarded as one of the greatest hitters in the history of the sport. He has won numerous awards and achieved remarkable statistics throughout his career.Pablo Picasso
: Pablo Picasso was a Spanish artist who is widely regarded as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century. He co-founded the Cubist movement and is known for his diverse range of artistic styles.Pop Art
: Pop Art was an art movement that emerged in the 1950s, characterized by incorporating popular culture imagery into artworks. Artists drew inspiration from consumer products, advertisements, celebrities, and mass media to create visually appealing pieces with a touch of irony.Portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
: The Portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz is a famous painting by Miguel Cabrera, depicting the renowned Mexican writer and philosopher. It is considered an important representation of Sor Juana's intellectual achievements and her contribution to women's rights.Post-Impressionism
: Post-Impressionism refers to an art movement that emerged in the late 19th century as a reaction against the limitations of Impressionism. Artists associated with this movement sought to express their own subjective experiences and emotions through bold colors, brushwork, and unconventional compositions.Proto-Cubism
: Proto-Cubism refers to an early stage in the development of Cubism where artists began experimenting with geometric shapes, multiple viewpoints, and breaking down forms into simpler elements.Realism
: Realism is an artistic movement that emerged in the mid-19th century as a response to Romanticism. It sought to depict everyday life with accuracy and objectivity, often focusing on social issues or ordinary people.Rococo
: Rococo is a style of art and decoration that emerged in the 18th century, characterized by elaborate ornamentation, pastel colors, and a playful, lighthearted atmosphere.Romanticism
: Romanticism was an artistic and intellectual movement that emerged in the late 18th century as a reaction against the rationality of the Enlightenment. It emphasized emotions, individualism, imagination, and nature.Still Life in Studio
: A genre of painting that depicts inanimate objects, such as fruits, flowers, and everyday objects arranged in a studio setting. It focuses on capturing the beauty and details of these objects.Surrealism
: Surrealism is an artistic movement that emerged in the early 20th century, characterized by dreamlike and irrational imagery. Artists sought to tap into the unconscious mind and explore the realm of dreams, fantasies, and subconscious thoughts.Surrealist
: Surrealism is an artistic movement that emerged in the early 20th century. Artists associated with surrealism aimed to tap into the subconscious mind, creating bizarre and dreamlike imagery that challenged conventional reality.The Kiss
: "The Kiss" is a famous sculpture created by Auguste Rodin in 1889. It depicts two lovers locked in an intimate embrace, symbolizing passion and desire.The Swing
: "The Swing" is an iconic painting created by Jean-Honoré Fragonard during the Rococo period. It depicts a young woman on a swing being pushed by her lover while another man looks up her dress from below. The painting is known for its playful and flirtatious atmosphere.The Two Fridas (Las dos Fridas)
: The Two Fridas is a famous painting by Mexican artist Frida Kahlo. It depicts two versions of herself sitting side by side - one wearing traditional Mexican clothing while the other wears a European-style dress, symbolizing her dual heritage and emotional turmoil.© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.
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