Acting techniques form the foundation of an actor's craft. From Stanislavski's emotional truth to Brecht's alienation effect, these methods shape how performers bring characters to life on stage.

Contemporary approaches like Meisner and improv build on classic techniques. They emphasize authenticity, spontaneity, and ensemble work, giving actors tools to create compelling, truthful performances in various theatrical styles.

Classical Acting Techniques

Stanislavski System and Method Acting

• Stanislavski System developed by Constantin Stanislavski in early 20th century Russia
• Focuses on psychological realism and emotional truth in performance
• Employs techniques like emotional memory, imagination, and given circumstances
• Actors draw from personal experiences to create authentic emotions on stage
• Method Acting evolved from Stanislavski's work, popularized by Lee Strasberg
• Emphasizes deep character immersion and using personal memories to fuel performances
• Actors often stay in character even when off-stage to maintain emotional connection
• Notable Method actors include Marlon Brando, Robert De Niro, and Meryl Streep

Chekhov Technique

• Created by Michael Chekhov, nephew of playwright Anton Chekhov
• Incorporates physical and psychological aspects of performance
• Utilizes imagination and physical gestures to access emotions and character traits
• Focuses on the "psychological gesture" to embody a character's essential qualities
• Encourages actors to explore the space between internal feelings and external expression
• Emphasizes the importance of atmosphere and the energy of the performance space
• Techniques include imaginary body, psychological gesture, and atmosphere
• Actors who have used Chekhov Technique include Clint Eastwood and Marilyn Monroe

Contemporary Acting Approaches

Meisner Technique and Viewpoints

• Meisner Technique developed by Sanford Meisner in the mid-20th century
• Emphasizes living truthfully under imaginary circumstances
• Focuses on reacting instinctively to partners and environment rather than internal emotions
• Uses repetition exercises to develop spontaneity and listening skills
• Encourages actors to "get out of their heads" and respond authentically in the moment
• Viewpoints, created by Mary Overlie and expanded by Anne Bogart, focuses on movement and composition
• Explores nine physical Viewpoints (tempo, duration, kinesthetic response, repetition, shape, gesture, architecture, spatial relationship, topography)
• Helps actors develop physical awareness and ensemble work
• Used in both theater and dance to create dynamic, collaborative performances

Brechtian Technique and Improvisation

• Brechtian technique, developed by Bertolt Brecht, challenges traditional naturalistic acting
• Emphasizes the "alienation effect" to remind audiences they are watching a play
• Actors often break the fourth wall and directly address the audience
• Encourages critical thinking and social commentary through performance
• Uses techniques like narration, songs, and placards to disrupt emotional immersion
• Improvisation involves creating scenes, characters, and dialogue spontaneously
• Develops quick thinking, listening skills, and creativity in actors
• Techniques include "Yes, and..." to build on partners' ideas and advance scenes
• Used in both comedic (Second City, Whose Line Is It Anyway?) and dramatic contexts
• Improvisational skills enhance actors' ability to adapt and respond naturally in scripted work