REST API: A type of API that uses HTTP requests to access and use data, often in the form of JSON or XML. REST APIs follow a set of architectural principles that provide a lightweight, scalable, and easy-to-use interface for web-based applications.
SOAP API: A protocol for exchanging structured information in the implementation of web services in computer networks. SOAP APIs use XML to define the message format and rely on application layer protocols, such as HTTP or SMTP, to negotiate the message exchange.
Microservices: An architectural style that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services. Microservices communicate with each other through well-defined APIs, allowing for greater flexibility, scalability, and independence in software development.