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🧆history of the middle east – 1800 to present review

key term - Occupation

Citation:

Definition

Occupation refers to the control and administration of a territory by a foreign power, often resulting in significant impacts on the lives of the local population. In the context of the First Intifada and the Oslo Peace Process, occupation specifically pertains to Israel's military presence and governance over Palestinian territories following the 1967 Six-Day War. This situation created deep-rooted tensions and conflicts, influencing both resistance movements and diplomatic efforts toward peace.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. The First Intifada began in December 1987 as a grassroots uprising against Israeli occupation, fueled by frustration over living conditions and lack of rights.
  2. Israeli military response to the Intifada included curfews, military force, and increased security measures, leading to significant casualties on both sides.
  3. The Oslo Peace Process was initiated in the early 1990s as an attempt to address issues arising from occupation, leading to mutual recognition between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
  4. Despite progress made during negotiations, many Palestinians viewed continued Israeli settlements as a major obstacle to achieving lasting peace and sovereignty.
  5. The concept of occupation remains central to discussions about human rights and international law regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Review Questions

  • How did the First Intifada shape the perception of occupation among Palestinians and influence international opinions?
    • The First Intifada significantly altered the perception of occupation among Palestinians by highlighting their grievances and struggles under Israeli control. The grassroots nature of the uprising drew global attention to the human rights violations faced by Palestinians, prompting international calls for action and support for their cause. This increased visibility not only strengthened Palestinian identity but also led to greater scrutiny of Israel's policies, influencing diplomatic efforts and shaping international discourse on the conflict.
  • Evaluate the impact of Israeli settlements on the peace negotiations during the Oslo Peace Process.
    • Israeli settlements in occupied territories presented a substantial challenge during the Oslo Peace Process, complicating negotiations and undermining trust between both parties. Settlements were viewed by Palestinians as an encroachment on land they claim for a future state, leading to feelings of betrayal amid the peace talks. The expansion of these settlements often sparked violence and protests, emphasizing how deeply occupation influenced not just daily life but also potential pathways to lasting peace.
  • Assess the long-term implications of occupation on Palestinian society and its role in shaping resistance movements.
    • The long-term implications of occupation have profoundly shaped Palestinian society by fostering a collective identity centered around resistance and struggle for self-determination. The ongoing challenges imposed by military governance, economic restrictions, and social fragmentation have fueled various forms of resistance movements, including both nonviolent protests and armed struggle. This cycle of occupation and resistance has become deeply entrenched, complicating efforts toward resolution and perpetuating a cycle of violence that affects generations of Palestinians.

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