Optimal Arousal Theory

Definition

This theory suggests people are driven to perform actions in order to maintain an optimal level of physiological arousal. We seek activities that either decrease high levels of arousal or increase low levels of arousal.

Analogy

Consider yourself as a thermostat set at your personal "comfort zone." If you're feeling bored (low arousal), you might seek out an exciting activity like a roller coaster ride to increase your arousal. Conversely, if you're stressed (high arousal), you might meditate or listen to calming music to decrease your arousal.

Related terms

Yerkes-Dodson Law: The principle that performance on tasks improves up to a point with increased physiological or mental arousal, but further increases in arousal can lead to decreased performance.

Sensation Seeking: The tendency to pursue experiences and situations that are novel and stimulating.

Arousal: A state of alertness or physical readiness, usually in response to some kind of stimulus causing excitement, fear, or interest.