Electric permittivity, also known as dielectric constant, is a measure of how easily an electric field can pass through a material. It quantifies the ability of a material to store electrical energy when subjected to an electric field.
Imagine you're trying to walk through different types of doors. Some doors are wide open and allow you to pass through easily (high permittivity), while others are narrow and make it difficult for you to get through (low permittivity). The wider the door, the more easily the electric field can pass through the material.
Capacitance: The ability of a system to store an electric charge.
Insulator: A material that does not conduct electricity well due to its high resistance.
Polarization: The process by which positive and negative charges within an atom or molecule become separated, creating an induced dipole moment.
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