Open and Closed Systems

Definition

An open system allows both matter and energy to be exchanged with its surroundings, while a closed system only allows for the exchange of energy but not matter.

Analogy

Think of your bedroom as a closed system where no one is allowed to enter or leave. However, you can still talk on your phone (exchange energy) without letting anyone physically come inside (exchange matter).

Related terms

Isolated System: A type of closed system where neither matter nor energy can be exchanged with its surroundings. It is completely isolated from external influences.

Heat Transfer: The process by which thermal energy is exchanged between objects due to temperature differences. For example, heat transfers from hot coffee to a cold spoon when they touch.

Conservation Laws: Principles that state certain properties (such as mass, momentum, and angular momentum) remain constant in isolated systems unless acted upon by external forces.