Counties are administrative divisions within states/provinces in certain countries. They usually have some level of governmental authority at local levels below state/province level.
If we continue our school analogy, counties would be like different groups or clubs within each classroom. Each club/group has its leader who organizes activities but still follows guidelines set by the teacher (province) and principal (sovereign entity).
Municipality: A city or town that has corporate status and local government.
Township: A division of a county with some corporate powers.
Parish: In certain countries, a small administrative district typically having its own church and a priest or pastor.
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