Soil horizons are distinct layers or zones within soil profiles that have different physical and chemical properties. These horizons form as a result of various processes such as weathering, organic matter accumulation, leaching, and mineral deposition.
Think of soil horizons like layers of cake in a baking pan. Each layer has its own unique texture, color, and taste. Just as you can see different layers when you cut through a cake slice, soil horizons can be observed when you dig into the ground.
Weathering: Weathering refers to the breakdown and alteration of rocks at or near Earth's surface due to exposure to various weather conditions.
Leaching: Leaching is the process by which water carries dissolved substances (such as minerals) from one layer of soil to another deeper layer.
Organic Matter Accumulation: Organic matter accumulation refers to the build-up of decomposed plant and animal materials in the soil, which contributes to its fertility and nutrient content.
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