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Random Number Generator

Definition

A random number generator is a function or algorithm that generates a sequence of numbers that appear to be random. These numbers are typically used in computer programs for various purposes such as generating random values or simulating unpredictable events.

Analogy

Think of a random number generator like a magical hat that can pull out different colored balls. Each time you reach into the hat, you have no idea which color ball you'll get - it could be red, blue, green, or any other color. Similarly, a random number generator produces numbers that are like those colorful balls - unpredictable and seemingly chosen at random.

Related terms

Seed: A seed value is an initial input given to the random number generator to start the generation process. It ensures that each time the same seed is used, the sequence of generated numbers will be identical.

Pseudorandom Numbers: Pseudorandom numbers are generated by algorithms that use mathematical formulas to produce sequences of seemingly random numbers. Although they are not truly random, they exhibit properties similar to randomness and are commonly used in programming.

Uniform Distribution: When we talk about generating "random" numbers, we often mean uniformly distributed numbers. This means each possible outcome has an equal chance of occurring within a given range. For example, if we generate random integers between 1 and 10 inclusively using a uniform distribution, each integer from 1 to 10 should have roughly the same probability of being chosen at any given time.