Traversals refer to the process of visiting and accessing each element in a data structure, such as a tree or graph, exactly once.
Imagine you are exploring a maze and you need to visit every room without missing any. Traversing a data structure is like systematically going through each room in the maze, making sure you don't skip any.
Depth-First Search (DFS): An algorithm that explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking. It is often used for traversing trees or graphs.
Breadth-First Search (BFS): An algorithm that explores all the vertices of a graph at the same level before moving on to the next level. It is commonly used for finding shortest paths.
In-order traversal: A type of traversal specifically used for binary trees where nodes are visited in ascending order based on their values.
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