Relative Maxima and Minima

Absolute Maxima and Minima: The highest and lowest points on a graph, regardless of their surroundings.

Critical Points: Points on a graph where the derivative is either zero or undefined, which can indicate the presence of relative maxima or minima.

Concavity: A property of a function's graph that describes whether it curves upward (concave up) or downward (concave down).