Physical traits or characteristics are observable features of an organism, such as size, color, shape, etc., determined by genes and environmental influences.
Consider physical traits as clothes you wear; they define your appearance and are influenced by both your personal choice (genes) and weather conditions (environment).
Phenotype: The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. Like your outfit for a day - what others see when they look at you.
Heredity: The passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another. Like inheriting your mom’s eyes or dad’s hair color.
Mutation: A permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. It's like accidentally spilling bleach on your favorite shirt - the shirt (gene) is permanently changed.
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