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8.6 Newly Independent States After 1900

3 min readfebruary 13, 2023

K

Katie Moore

Jillian Holbrook

Jillian Holbrook

K

Katie Moore

Jillian Holbrook

Jillian Holbrook

Israel

Since the beginning of Judaism, Jewish people were in diasporic communities-- groups of people united by ethnicity or religion that are scattered instead of centralized in one place like a state. At any rate, after the horrors of WWII, Jews began to demand their own nation. This idea of a Jewish state is called .

 

After previously stated European support for this idea, such as the , the created in 1948 by carving it out of . As a result, there was a lot of Jewish immigration to .

 

As one can imagine, Palestinians (and other Arab countries) were incredibly upset by this decision. and have been at war ever since, with conflicts including the  and the Six-Day War. 

Cambodia

Cambodia, similar to Vietnam, was originally part of French Indochina. Once World War II ended, authoritarian leaders in Cambodia grappled for power, and the resulting political chaos led to communists gaining power under the a notoriously violent group. 

 

During the time the was in power, they aggressively attempted to make the country agricultural again by forcefully collectivizing farms. This, accompanied by many other violent techniques, such as murdering anyone suspected of dissent, killed about 1.5 million people in the .

Pakistan

The a group of Muslims living in , called for Muslim Indian separation from the newly decolonized . Led by , the worried that the Hindu majority of would always overpower Muslim interests. 

 

After some debate, the larger state remained , and a smaller partition became for Muslims. While Muslims wanted to move to , they had to cross first. Mass migration of Muslims to grew from messy to downright bloody, and by the time the  was complete, two million were dead. 

Economic Systems in the New States

Each new state adapted to the globalizing economy in different ways.

India

In  demolished the private sector by nationalizing parts of the economy, such as banks, the insurance sector, and the coal industry. Investors and entrepreneurs essentially had to get governmental permission before doing anything. represents one of the more extreme examples of governmental involvement in the economy.

Egypt

’s economic development in was a little different. The major goal during his period of control over was modernizing the nation, including the nationalization of the Suez Canal, breaking up large estates, and encouraging the growth of the middle class.

 

Tanzania

In  also tried to modernize. He collectivized large farms and heavily promoted education. At his urging, created universal education, vastly increasing literacy.

Sri Lanka

 was a Sri Lankan politician who served as the world's first female prime minister, holding the office three times between 1960 and 2000. Unlike , she promoted free enterprise, though she did nationalize some industries. Under her leadership, the wealth gap in declined immensely. 

Migrations

No matter where, in this period, were largely motivated by escaping economic or political crises at home. Some examples include:

  • Filipinos to the U.S.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53b17013e4b0f83f2d8a8a4a/1584643640087-7IQNB1IHZEQBUH230A7R/ke17ZwdGBToddI8pDm48kD2RWYKCbYVRYML1k6Ul2q17gQa3H78H3Y0txjaiv_0fDoOvxcdMmMKkDsyUqMSsMWxHk725yiiHCCLfrh8O1z5QPOohDIaIeljMHgDF5CVlOqpeNLcJ80NK65_fV7S1UfNB_aNOi5Q7Wn00rxhdQ5ICX0P8MAx44poYIbqZ9lkpW07ycm2Trb21kYhaLJjddA/CONTEMPORARY+MAP+AP+WORLD+MODERN+FREEMANPEDIA+.png?format=1000w

Source: Freemanpedia

REVIEW GAME: True or False

  • The , or INC, pushed hardest for the creation of a Muslim state by the partition of

  • was the idea that Indian Muslims deserved their own state

  • The communist took over Cambodia, and their violent methods caused the

  • was for little governmental involvement in the economy

  • Israeli-Palestinian conflicts have been continuing ever since the creation of in 1948

  • led the


Answers:

  1. False: it was the

  2. False: it was the idea that Jews deserved their own state

  3. True

  4. False: she essentially destroyed the private sector and heavily employed governmental control in the economy

  5. True

  6. True

Key Terms to Review (26)

Algerians to France

: This refers to the migration of Algerians to France, primarily during the mid-20th century. This was largely due to economic opportunities and political instability in Algeria, a former French colony.

British Balfour Declaration

: The Balfour Declaration was a public statement issued by the British government during World War I announcing support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine.

Cambodian Genocide

: The Cambodian Genocide refers to a four-year period (1975-1979) during which Pol Pot and his Khmer Rouge regime caused the deaths of nearly two million people through execution, forced labor, starvation, and disease.

Economic Systems in the New States

: These are the various methods used by new states, post-colonialism or independence, to manage their economies. They range from capitalism to socialism and everything in between.

Egypt

: An ancient civilization located along the Nile River in North Africa known for its pyramids, pharaohs, and contributions to art, science, and culture.

Filipinos to the U.S.

: This term refers specifically to the migration movement that saw many Filipinos move to America throughout history but particularly during and after World War II when U.S. immigration laws were relaxed.

Gamal Abdel Nasser

: He was an Egyptian political leader who served as the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his death in 1970. Nasser led the 1952 overthrow of King Farouk I and introduced significant land reforms in 1952.

India

: A country in South Asia that is known for its diverse culture, history, religions, languages, and political systems. It's the world's second-most populous country.

Indian National Congress

: This is India's oldest political organization founded in 1885. It played a major role in India's struggle for independence from British rule.

Indira Gandhi

: She was an Indian politician who served as Prime Minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984. She was the first and, to date, the only female Prime Minister of India.

Israel

: Israel is a country in the Middle East, established in 1948 as a homeland for Jews after World War II. It's known for its diverse culture, history, and religious significance to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Julius Nyerere

: Julius Nyerere was a Tanzanian anti-colonial activist, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first Prime Minister of independent Tanganyika (1961) and later became the first President of Tanzania (1964-1985). He is known for his African socialist policies, collectively known as Ujamaa.

Khmer Rouge

: The Khmer Rouge was a communist party in Cambodia that ruled the country from 1975 to 1979. Led by Pol Pot, they implemented radical policies leading to mass genocide.

Migrations

: Migrations refer to the movement of people from one place to another, often in large numbers and over long distances. This can be due to various reasons such as economic opportunities, political instability, or environmental factors.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

: Muhammad Ali Jinnah was an influential leader and founder of Pakistan. He served as leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan's creation on August 14, 1947. He then became Pakistan's first Governor-General until his death.

Muslim League

: The Muslim League was a political party established during the early 20th century in British India. Its main purpose was to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in India and, eventually, it led to the creation of Pakistan.

Pakistan

: Pakistan is a country in South Asia that gained independence from British India in 1947. It has a diverse culture with various ethnic groups and languages but is primarily known for its Muslim majority.

Palestine

: Palestine refers to a geographic region located in the Eastern Mediterranean between modern-day Jordan and Lebanon. Historically home to Arab people known as Palestinians; it's been at the center of Israeli-Palestinian conflict over land rights.

Partition of India and Pakistan

: The Partition of India and Pakistan was a division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan. It resulted in violent riots, mass casualties, and a colossal wave of migration.

Sirimavo Bandaranaike

: Sirimavo Bandaranaike was a Sri Lankan stateswoman, and the world's first female prime minister. She served three terms (1960-65, 1970-77, 1994-2000).

South Asians to Britain

: This refers specifically to the migration movement that saw many people from South Asian countries (like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh) move to Britain during the 20th century. Many were drawn by job opportunities and the promise of a better life.

Sri Lanka

: Sri Lanka is an island country located in South Asia, southeast of India. It gained independence from British rule in 1948.

Tanzania

: A country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region, known for its vast wilderness areas including the plains of Serengeti National Park and Kilimanjaro National Park.

United Nations

: The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945 aimed at promoting peace, security, cooperation among nations, and upholding human rights.

Yom Kippur War

: The Yom Kippur War was a military conflict fought by coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel from October 6 to 25, 1973. It began when the Arab coalition launched a joint surprise attack on Israel on Yom Kippur, a sacred Jewish holiday.

Zionism

: Zionism is a nationalist movement among Jews (and some Christians) that supports the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in what is now Israel.

8.6 Newly Independent States After 1900

3 min readfebruary 13, 2023

K

Katie Moore

Jillian Holbrook

Jillian Holbrook

K

Katie Moore

Jillian Holbrook

Jillian Holbrook

Israel

Since the beginning of Judaism, Jewish people were in diasporic communities-- groups of people united by ethnicity or religion that are scattered instead of centralized in one place like a state. At any rate, after the horrors of WWII, Jews began to demand their own nation. This idea of a Jewish state is called .

 

After previously stated European support for this idea, such as the , the created in 1948 by carving it out of . As a result, there was a lot of Jewish immigration to .

 

As one can imagine, Palestinians (and other Arab countries) were incredibly upset by this decision. and have been at war ever since, with conflicts including the  and the Six-Day War. 

Cambodia

Cambodia, similar to Vietnam, was originally part of French Indochina. Once World War II ended, authoritarian leaders in Cambodia grappled for power, and the resulting political chaos led to communists gaining power under the a notoriously violent group. 

 

During the time the was in power, they aggressively attempted to make the country agricultural again by forcefully collectivizing farms. This, accompanied by many other violent techniques, such as murdering anyone suspected of dissent, killed about 1.5 million people in the .

Pakistan

The a group of Muslims living in , called for Muslim Indian separation from the newly decolonized . Led by , the worried that the Hindu majority of would always overpower Muslim interests. 

 

After some debate, the larger state remained , and a smaller partition became for Muslims. While Muslims wanted to move to , they had to cross first. Mass migration of Muslims to grew from messy to downright bloody, and by the time the  was complete, two million were dead. 

Economic Systems in the New States

Each new state adapted to the globalizing economy in different ways.

India

In  demolished the private sector by nationalizing parts of the economy, such as banks, the insurance sector, and the coal industry. Investors and entrepreneurs essentially had to get governmental permission before doing anything. represents one of the more extreme examples of governmental involvement in the economy.

Egypt

’s economic development in was a little different. The major goal during his period of control over was modernizing the nation, including the nationalization of the Suez Canal, breaking up large estates, and encouraging the growth of the middle class.

 

Tanzania

In  also tried to modernize. He collectivized large farms and heavily promoted education. At his urging, created universal education, vastly increasing literacy.

Sri Lanka

 was a Sri Lankan politician who served as the world's first female prime minister, holding the office three times between 1960 and 2000. Unlike , she promoted free enterprise, though she did nationalize some industries. Under her leadership, the wealth gap in declined immensely. 

Migrations

No matter where, in this period, were largely motivated by escaping economic or political crises at home. Some examples include:

  • Filipinos to the U.S.
https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/53b17013e4b0f83f2d8a8a4a/1584643640087-7IQNB1IHZEQBUH230A7R/ke17ZwdGBToddI8pDm48kD2RWYKCbYVRYML1k6Ul2q17gQa3H78H3Y0txjaiv_0fDoOvxcdMmMKkDsyUqMSsMWxHk725yiiHCCLfrh8O1z5QPOohDIaIeljMHgDF5CVlOqpeNLcJ80NK65_fV7S1UfNB_aNOi5Q7Wn00rxhdQ5ICX0P8MAx44poYIbqZ9lkpW07ycm2Trb21kYhaLJjddA/CONTEMPORARY+MAP+AP+WORLD+MODERN+FREEMANPEDIA+.png?format=1000w

Source: Freemanpedia

REVIEW GAME: True or False

  • The , or INC, pushed hardest for the creation of a Muslim state by the partition of

  • was the idea that Indian Muslims deserved their own state

  • The communist took over Cambodia, and their violent methods caused the

  • was for little governmental involvement in the economy

  • Israeli-Palestinian conflicts have been continuing ever since the creation of in 1948

  • led the


Answers:

  1. False: it was the

  2. False: it was the idea that Jews deserved their own state

  3. True

  4. False: she essentially destroyed the private sector and heavily employed governmental control in the economy

  5. True

  6. True

Key Terms to Review (26)

Algerians to France

: This refers to the migration of Algerians to France, primarily during the mid-20th century. This was largely due to economic opportunities and political instability in Algeria, a former French colony.

British Balfour Declaration

: The Balfour Declaration was a public statement issued by the British government during World War I announcing support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine.

Cambodian Genocide

: The Cambodian Genocide refers to a four-year period (1975-1979) during which Pol Pot and his Khmer Rouge regime caused the deaths of nearly two million people through execution, forced labor, starvation, and disease.

Economic Systems in the New States

: These are the various methods used by new states, post-colonialism or independence, to manage their economies. They range from capitalism to socialism and everything in between.

Egypt

: An ancient civilization located along the Nile River in North Africa known for its pyramids, pharaohs, and contributions to art, science, and culture.

Filipinos to the U.S.

: This term refers specifically to the migration movement that saw many Filipinos move to America throughout history but particularly during and after World War II when U.S. immigration laws were relaxed.

Gamal Abdel Nasser

: He was an Egyptian political leader who served as the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his death in 1970. Nasser led the 1952 overthrow of King Farouk I and introduced significant land reforms in 1952.

India

: A country in South Asia that is known for its diverse culture, history, religions, languages, and political systems. It's the world's second-most populous country.

Indian National Congress

: This is India's oldest political organization founded in 1885. It played a major role in India's struggle for independence from British rule.

Indira Gandhi

: She was an Indian politician who served as Prime Minister of India from 1966 to 1977 and again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984. She was the first and, to date, the only female Prime Minister of India.

Israel

: Israel is a country in the Middle East, established in 1948 as a homeland for Jews after World War II. It's known for its diverse culture, history, and religious significance to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Julius Nyerere

: Julius Nyerere was a Tanzanian anti-colonial activist, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first Prime Minister of independent Tanganyika (1961) and later became the first President of Tanzania (1964-1985). He is known for his African socialist policies, collectively known as Ujamaa.

Khmer Rouge

: The Khmer Rouge was a communist party in Cambodia that ruled the country from 1975 to 1979. Led by Pol Pot, they implemented radical policies leading to mass genocide.

Migrations

: Migrations refer to the movement of people from one place to another, often in large numbers and over long distances. This can be due to various reasons such as economic opportunities, political instability, or environmental factors.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

: Muhammad Ali Jinnah was an influential leader and founder of Pakistan. He served as leader of the All-India Muslim League from 1913 until Pakistan's creation on August 14, 1947. He then became Pakistan's first Governor-General until his death.

Muslim League

: The Muslim League was a political party established during the early 20th century in British India. Its main purpose was to safeguard the political rights of Muslims in India and, eventually, it led to the creation of Pakistan.

Pakistan

: Pakistan is a country in South Asia that gained independence from British India in 1947. It has a diverse culture with various ethnic groups and languages but is primarily known for its Muslim majority.

Palestine

: Palestine refers to a geographic region located in the Eastern Mediterranean between modern-day Jordan and Lebanon. Historically home to Arab people known as Palestinians; it's been at the center of Israeli-Palestinian conflict over land rights.

Partition of India and Pakistan

: The Partition of India and Pakistan was a division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan. It resulted in violent riots, mass casualties, and a colossal wave of migration.

Sirimavo Bandaranaike

: Sirimavo Bandaranaike was a Sri Lankan stateswoman, and the world's first female prime minister. She served three terms (1960-65, 1970-77, 1994-2000).

South Asians to Britain

: This refers specifically to the migration movement that saw many people from South Asian countries (like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh) move to Britain during the 20th century. Many were drawn by job opportunities and the promise of a better life.

Sri Lanka

: Sri Lanka is an island country located in South Asia, southeast of India. It gained independence from British rule in 1948.

Tanzania

: A country in East Africa within the African Great Lakes region, known for its vast wilderness areas including the plains of Serengeti National Park and Kilimanjaro National Park.

United Nations

: The United Nations (UN) is an international organization founded in 1945 aimed at promoting peace, security, cooperation among nations, and upholding human rights.

Yom Kippur War

: The Yom Kippur War was a military conflict fought by coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel from October 6 to 25, 1973. It began when the Arab coalition launched a joint surprise attack on Israel on Yom Kippur, a sacred Jewish holiday.

Zionism

: Zionism is a nationalist movement among Jews (and some Christians) that supports the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in what is now Israel.


© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.

AP® and SAT® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this website.


© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.

AP® and SAT® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this website.