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4 min read•january 8, 2023
Saarah Hasan
Daniella Garcia-Loos
Saarah Hasan
Daniella Garcia-Loos
We've all heard of Einstein's famous equation, E=(Δm)c^2. In this lesson, we'll be going over how it can be used to calculate the mass equivalent for a given amount of energy transfer or an energy equivalent for a given amount of mass change.
is the energy required to separate the particles in a system from each other. It is a measure of the strength of the forces that hold the particles together.
Here are some key points about :
Since atoms are so, so small, we need small units. We use the atomic mass unit (amu/u), which is defined as 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 nucleus. 1u=1.6605∗10−^22^7 kg7kg. m_p=1.00728u
m_n=1.00867u
Let’s look at the ; it contains 2 protons and 2 -the predicted would be 4.0330 u. But the experimental mass of the is 4.0026 u: this difference of 0.0304 u is called the and is proportional to the of the nucleus (E=mc^2).
Einstein’s tells us that the mass can be converted to energy; the energy equivalent of 1 u=931.5 MeV. The of any nucleus is therefore determined by the relationship: BE(MeV) = * 931.5 MeV/uBE(MeV)=MassDefect∗931.5MeV/u Avg BE= BE/A AvgBE=BE/A where AA = the mass number of the element
The greater the average , the greater the stability of the nucleus.
Some information on fission and fusion:
Fission and fusion are two processes that release energy by changing the structure of atomic nuclei. They are both nuclear reactions and are used to generate electricity and for other applications.
Here are some key points about fission and fusion:
(A) I only (B) III only (C) I and II only (D) II and III only (E) I, II, and III
Answer:
E :These are all true statements about
Atomic Mass Unit (amu/u)
: Atomic Mass Unit (amu/u) is a unit of measurement used to express the mass of atoms and subatomic particles. It is defined as 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 nucleus.Binding energy
: Binding energy refers to the amount of energy required to break apart or separate particles within an atomic nucleus or between atoms in a molecule. It represents the strength of attraction holding particles together.Daughter Nuclei
: Daughter nuclei are the new atomic nuclei formed after radioactive decay. They are produced when an unstable parent nucleus undergoes decay and transforms into a different element or isotope.Einstein's equation
: Einstein's equation, also known as the mass-energy equivalence formula, is a fundamental equation in physics that states E=mc². It shows the relationship between energy (E), mass (m), and the speed of light (c).Energy Equivalent (MeV)
: Energy equivalent refers to the amount of energy that is equivalent to a certain mass, measured in millions of electron volts (MeV). It represents the conversion factor between mass and energy.Helium-4 nucleus
: A helium-4 nucleus is a type of atomic nucleus made up of two protons and two neutrons. It is stable and commonly found in helium gas.Mass Defect
: Mass defect refers to the difference in mass between a nucleus and its individual protons and neutrons. It is caused by the conversion of some mass into binding energy during the formation of the nucleus.Mass Number (A)
: The mass number, represented by A, refers to the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus. It helps identify isotopes since atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons will have different mass numbers.Neutrons
: Neutrons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They have no charge and contribute to the mass of the atom.Nuclear Fission
: Nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy. This process is typically initiated by bombarding the nucleus with a neutron.Nuclear Fusion
: Nuclear fusion is a process in which two or more atomic nuclei come together to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy in the process.Radioactive By-products
: Radioactive by-products are substances that are formed as a result of radioactive decay or nuclear reactions. These by-products emit radiation and can be harmful to living organisms.Special Theory of Relativity
: The Special Theory of Relativity is a theory developed by Albert Einstein that describes how space and time are interconnected. It explains phenomena at high speeds near the speed of light.4 min read•january 8, 2023
Saarah Hasan
Daniella Garcia-Loos
Saarah Hasan
Daniella Garcia-Loos
We've all heard of Einstein's famous equation, E=(Δm)c^2. In this lesson, we'll be going over how it can be used to calculate the mass equivalent for a given amount of energy transfer or an energy equivalent for a given amount of mass change.
is the energy required to separate the particles in a system from each other. It is a measure of the strength of the forces that hold the particles together.
Here are some key points about :
Since atoms are so, so small, we need small units. We use the atomic mass unit (amu/u), which is defined as 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 nucleus. 1u=1.6605∗10−^22^7 kg7kg. m_p=1.00728u
m_n=1.00867u
Let’s look at the ; it contains 2 protons and 2 -the predicted would be 4.0330 u. But the experimental mass of the is 4.0026 u: this difference of 0.0304 u is called the and is proportional to the of the nucleus (E=mc^2).
Einstein’s tells us that the mass can be converted to energy; the energy equivalent of 1 u=931.5 MeV. The of any nucleus is therefore determined by the relationship: BE(MeV) = * 931.5 MeV/uBE(MeV)=MassDefect∗931.5MeV/u Avg BE= BE/A AvgBE=BE/A where AA = the mass number of the element
The greater the average , the greater the stability of the nucleus.
Some information on fission and fusion:
Fission and fusion are two processes that release energy by changing the structure of atomic nuclei. They are both nuclear reactions and are used to generate electricity and for other applications.
Here are some key points about fission and fusion:
(A) I only (B) III only (C) I and II only (D) II and III only (E) I, II, and III
Answer:
E :These are all true statements about
Atomic Mass Unit (amu/u)
: Atomic Mass Unit (amu/u) is a unit of measurement used to express the mass of atoms and subatomic particles. It is defined as 1/12th the mass of a carbon-12 nucleus.Binding energy
: Binding energy refers to the amount of energy required to break apart or separate particles within an atomic nucleus or between atoms in a molecule. It represents the strength of attraction holding particles together.Daughter Nuclei
: Daughter nuclei are the new atomic nuclei formed after radioactive decay. They are produced when an unstable parent nucleus undergoes decay and transforms into a different element or isotope.Einstein's equation
: Einstein's equation, also known as the mass-energy equivalence formula, is a fundamental equation in physics that states E=mc². It shows the relationship between energy (E), mass (m), and the speed of light (c).Energy Equivalent (MeV)
: Energy equivalent refers to the amount of energy that is equivalent to a certain mass, measured in millions of electron volts (MeV). It represents the conversion factor between mass and energy.Helium-4 nucleus
: A helium-4 nucleus is a type of atomic nucleus made up of two protons and two neutrons. It is stable and commonly found in helium gas.Mass Defect
: Mass defect refers to the difference in mass between a nucleus and its individual protons and neutrons. It is caused by the conversion of some mass into binding energy during the formation of the nucleus.Mass Number (A)
: The mass number, represented by A, refers to the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus. It helps identify isotopes since atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons will have different mass numbers.Neutrons
: Neutrons are subatomic particles found in the nucleus of an atom. They have no charge and contribute to the mass of the atom.Nuclear Fission
: Nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei, releasing a large amount of energy. This process is typically initiated by bombarding the nucleus with a neutron.Nuclear Fusion
: Nuclear fusion is a process in which two or more atomic nuclei come together to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy in the process.Radioactive By-products
: Radioactive by-products are substances that are formed as a result of radioactive decay or nuclear reactions. These by-products emit radiation and can be harmful to living organisms.Special Theory of Relativity
: The Special Theory of Relativity is a theory developed by Albert Einstein that describes how space and time are interconnected. It explains phenomena at high speeds near the speed of light.© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.
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