The Russian Revolution of 1905 was a wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire. It included worker strikes, peasant unrest, and military mutinies. It led to constitutional reform including the establishment of the Duma.
Think about it like a pressure cooker. For years, the people's dissatisfaction with their living conditions, lack of political power, and economic struggles were building up inside Russia (the pressure cooker). The Russo-Japanese War in 1904-05 was like turning up the heat under this pressure cooker - it increased national discontent. Eventually, the pressure got too high and resulted in an explosion - which is what happened during the revolution.
Duma: The Duma is a legislative body in Russia. After its establishment following the Russian Revolution of 1905, it became an important forum for debate between different political parties representing various sections of society.
Bloody Sunday: This refers to January 22nd, 1905 when unarmed demonstrators led by Father Georgy Gapon were fired upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard as they marched towards the Winter Palace to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II.
October Manifesto: A document issued by Tsar Nicholas II that promised basic civil rights and an elected parliament (Duma) to appease those calling for political reform.
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