The term "New World" refers to the Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas and Oceania, which were unknown to most Europeans before the voyages of Christopher Columbus.
Think of the "New World" as a newly released video game that players (Europeans) are eager to explore. They've been playing on their old consoles (the Old World), but now there's this whole new world with different landscapes, characters, and resources they've never seen before.
Columbian Exchange: This is the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries following Columbus' voyages.
Age of Exploration: This was a period from the early 15th century and continuing into the early 17th century during which European ships traveled around the world to search for new trading routes and partners. It led to discovery of lands previously unknown to Europeans.
Indigenous Peoples: These are ethnic groups who are native to a land or region, especially before an invading culture took control. In context of New World it refers primarily to Native Americans.
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