The amygdala is involved in emotion and survival instincts, particularly fear and aggression. The thalamus is a relay station for sensory information, excluding smell.
Imagine the amygdala as your brain's security guard, always on the lookout for danger and ready to trigger a response. The thalamus is like a mail sorting center, it receives all incoming sensory data (except smell) and sends them to appropriate parts of the brain.
Hippocampus: A part of the limbic system involved in learning and memory formation.
Limbic System: A complex system of nerves controlling basic emotions (like fear, pleasure), drives (like hunger, sex), and plays a role in memory.
Hypothalamus: It links the nervous system to the endocrine system via pituitary gland; controls body temperature, thirst, hunger etc.
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