These are all countries that were once part of Yugoslavia. They became independent nations after the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s.
Yugoslavia: This was a country located in Southeast Europe during most of the 20th century. It came into existence after World War I in 1918 under the name Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by union of South Slavic peoples.
Balkan Peninsula: This is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various definitions and meanings including geopolitical historical ones. Most commonly accepted boundaries will include several states like Greece, Albania, Bulgaria as well as former Yugoslav republics.
Ethnic Nationalism: A form of nationalism wherein nation is defined in terms of ethnicity i.e., its members share common heritage which includes common language, common faith along with common ethnic ancestry.
AP Human Geography - 4.8 Defining Devolutionary Factors
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