The Great Schism, also known as the East-West Schism, is the break of communion between what are now the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, which has lasted since the 11th century.
Imagine if a popular band decided to split up because they couldn't agree on their music style anymore. They both continue making music but under different names - just like how after the Great Schism we have two separate branches of Christianity.
Papacy: The office or authority of the Pope. During Great Schism there were multiple claimants to this position leading to confusion and conflict within church.
Excommunication: Officially excluding someone from participation in sacraments and services of Christian Church. This tool was used during Great Schism against opposing sides.
Orthodoxy: Refers to adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion. In context of Great Schism it refers specifically to Eastern Orthodoxy which separated from Roman Catholic Church.
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