neuron
Definition
A neuron is a specialized cell within the nervous system that transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. It consists of a cell body, dendrites for receiving messages, and an axon for sending them.
Analogy
Imagine the nervous system as a vast, complex network of highways where the neurons are the cars traveling at high speeds to deliver important messages to different parts of the body. Just as cars use roads to reach various destinations, neurons use their axons and dendrites to send and receive signals ensuring the body responds appropriately to stimuli.
Related terms
Synapse: The junction between two neurons or a neuron and another cell, where neurotransmitters are released to transmit nerve impulses.
Axon: A long, slender projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body.
Dendrite: Tree-like extensions at the beginning of a neuron that help increase the surface area for receiving signals from other neural cells
Are you a college student?
Study guides for the entire semester
200k practice questions
Glossary of 50k key terms - memorize important vocab
Resources
© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.
AP® and SAT® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this website.